PTZ, or pan, tilt and zoom cameras can make a 360-degree sweep of the environment, change angles to look at objects both above and below the camera, and zoom in to give objects greater detail. These cameras are used most often in surveillance situations where remote viewers can track subjects.
Definition
PTZ stands for Pan, Zoom and Tilt. This refers to the capabilities of automated cameras and video recorders. Essentially, a PTZ camera is set in a particular place, but has the ability to turn, usually in a complete circle, tilt at different angles both up and down, and zoom in on particular objects.
Construction
PTZ cameras are controlled via remote computer systems. Users generally program the camera to move it in a set pattern, or control it manually with an interface that usually is manipulated with a keyboard. A user inputs commands, degrees of angle and rotation and the camera moves accordingly. Advanced PTZ cameras may have controls with joysticks or other customized controls.
Because the PTZ camera needs to be completely mobile, the camera itself usually has a sphere design. Either the camera itself--the lens and sensor mechanism--is structured in the shape of a sphere and held so it can pivot as desired, or the camera has a more traditional design and is place in a protective, spherical bubble where it can pan, tilt and zoom and make its recording through the shield.
Features
Extra features and recording capabilities of a PTZ camera can vary. Some PTZ cameras have high-definition capabilities, allowing them to record very detailed images. Others may have only standard definition. Color and grayscale options also vary. The camera may also have tinted shielding so people can't see it and internal heating or maintenance mechanisms to keep it running smoothly.
Benefits
Because PTZ cameras can be controlled from a distance, the user does not need to be near the camera. After the PTZ camera is installed, it is generally low-maintenance and requires little attention, except in the case of malfunctions or required cleaning. The mobility of the camera allows users to track an object as it is moving, following it as long as it is within the camera's range.
Uses
PTZ cameras are used primarily in surveillance. They can be bought by private parties for home surveillance. They are more common for businesses, military and law enforcement agencies for surveying products or public areas.
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