Build A Motorcycle Flag

Motorcylce flags are greatly symbolic.

Designing a motorcycle flag can be an exciting and rewarding experience. Creating a symbol can evoke personal pride and challenging oneself creatively adds to the enjoyment. Follow these easy steps to ensure your motorcycle flag turns out exactly as you hoped.

Instructions

1. Chose motorcycle flag colors. These choices may be symbolic or simply decorative, depending on the nature of your flag. Keep in mind that colors can often have different connotations. For example, black can signify strength and defeat of an enemy. Check the Enchantedlearning website in the reference section below.

2. Chose shapes. Whether you decide to incorporate shapes or stick to stripes, like many tricolor flags do, be definitive with your choice. Defined squares, triangles and diamonds work well rather than a large number of disorganized smaller shapes. Try to keep items on the flag perpendicular and parallel for a sturdier look.

3. Assemble colors and shapes in a computer program to test the appeal of your motorcycle flag. Programs like MS Paint are good for this simple type of project. Visit Microsoft.com for more information.Create a new file and experiment with colors and shapes from earlier steps using the auto shape function on the menu panel.

4. Select a fabric for your flag. Felt would work well for someone inexperienced with sewing. It also has a sturdy durability for wind that motorcycle flags will have to endure. Nylon is another good option because it is thin and will wave more for a dramatic affect.

5. Cutout the shapes for your flag according to your preliminary design from colored fabric. Use fabric scissors.

6. Carefully stitch these shapes onto your original piece of fabric. This will take some craftsmanship but a simple running stitch can accomplish the task.

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Pvc Speaker Projects

An elbow is a popular PVC fitting used to build small PVC speakers

Though normally used in plumbing construction projects, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe comes in a variety of diameters and has proven itself to be a sturdy construction material for many different types of projects. A strong material, yet easy to work, PVC can be painted without much difficulty. You might be surprised to find that PVC pipe has become a common material for audio projects, particularly speakers. The variety of ways PVC can be used allows you to make some very interesting speaker projects.

Speaker Stands

One of the more obvious speaker projects -- and probably one of the oldest audio uses for PVC pipe -- is the speaker stand. Because of the wide variety of PVC pipe sizes and angled fittings, it is relatively simple to design and build stands that hold large speakers securely. These stands can be built using several methods: lengths of PVC can be attached directly to the bottoms of the speakers; racks can be built and the speakers fitted into them; or PVC legs can be attached to a top, effectively creating small tables with the speakers placed on top of them.

Bass Ports

Most speakers use a small pipe attached to a hole in the speaker cabinet to improve bass response. These small pipes are called bass ports and PVC is a convenient material to use when making them. After deciding what size pipe you wish to use (both diameter and length), cut a hole the same diameter of the pipe in the speaker cabinet and mount it using either glue or other fasteners before assembling the speaker.

Speaker Cans

The natural rigidity of PVC pipe makes it a great choice for self-contained speakers. Choose pipe large enough for the speakers desired and add some sound-deadening material to the inside. Mount the speaker on one end, perhaps using a PVC cap, and put a bass port on the other end. Some builders include small amplifiers in these "cans," depending on their intended use. Others make use of the rigid sides and add U-shaped mounting brackets on the outside; this allows them to mount the speakers on boat racks or on off-road vehicle roll bars.

Mini-Speakers

Utilizing the same basic concept of the can speakers, many builders are making small speakers for use with computers and MP3 players. Unlike the cans, these speakers are built with several pieces of PVC pipe in conjunction with several PVC joints, allowing them to take on the look of coiled audio snakes or abstract sculptures. The construction is much the same as the cans, the speakers themselves mount on one end of the contraption, a small bass port is created at the other end and a small amplifier is included because of the low power output of the MP3 players or computer audio outputs.

Tags: bass port, pipe speaker, small speakers, speaker cabinet, speaker projects

Use An Ipod Touch With A Nikon D90 Camera

Extend the functionality of your Nikon D90 by controlling it with an iPod touch.

The D90 is a DSLR camera produced by Nikon. It is possible to remotely control a Nikon DSLR camera from an iPod touch by using the Camera Remote software from OneOnOne. Since the software requires that the camera be plugged into a computer on the same Wi-Fi network as the iPod touch, controlling the D90 with an iPod touch may only be possible in studio settings, rather than out in the field. As of May, 2011, this software was available as a free edition or a professional edition for $19.99.

Instructions

1. Turn on the camera.

2. Plug the Nikon D90 camera into the computer using the USB connector cable that is included with your camera.

3. Open the OneOnOne DSLR Camera Remote software.

4. Select where you would like to save your images on the software home screen. Check to see that Nikon D90 is displayed at the top of the screen as the camera model.

5. Check that the iPod touch is on the same Wi-Fi network as the computer.

6. Open the Camera Remote app on the iPod touch. Click on the "My Server."

7. Choose the shutter speed and the aperture settings.

8. Press the "Fire" button on the iPod touch app when you are ready to take a picture.

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Download Photos Onto Flash Drive

Flash drives allow you to transfer and share photos for your presentations.

Flash drives have the capacity to hold many digital photographs and help complete your computer work-flow. Flash drives are small USB connection devices, also referred to as thumb drives, that resemble small sticks and store large amounts of data. Using a flash drive in coordination with an external hard drive and your computer will help your information become more mobile and secure.

Flash Drive Storage Capacity

Flash drives provide a simple and easy storage for downloading and transferring photos between computers. A flash drive provides anywhere from 512 MB of storage to well beyond 75 GB --- and the technology changes rapidly as data storage drops in price. Downloading images to a flash drive is a simple task and mimics the transfer of any data added to an external drive. A simple drag and drop method should suffice for transferring images onto your flash drive.

Temporary Back Up for Images and Transfer

The flash drive provides two vital functions in the digital work-flow of your photography or computer work. A flash drive can serve as a temporary backup for images if you are traveling or need extra space in a hurry. These pocket size drives also provide a great option for transferring images from one computer to another. This works well if you work with images on a computer located at your office or school and another computer in your home office or study. Simply plug the drive into the USB connection and you can sync files from one source to another. When traveling, you can also keep all your vital images and data documents on you at all times by using a flash drive.

Durability of Flash Drives

Flash drives are ideal for temporary storage or transfer, but not for long-term archiving. Flash drives are normally made of plastic and can break easily if dropped, crushed or tossed into a briefcase and jostled too hard. The smaller size also lends them to collecting debris and damaging the connection points as the devices find themselves in bags, pockets and purses with minimal protection. If you use a flash drive regularly, purchase a small protective case or neoprene casing for the device to extend the life of the drive.

Permanent External Hard Drive Storage and Archiving

When working with images, the best means of permanent storage is an external hard drive, the next step up from a flash drive. These devices can store multiple terabytes at affordable rates and are more stable and durable for long-term storage. If your photo collection is large, research the various archiving methods available for organizing your images. A combination of a cataloging program and a specific folder naming structure will help you access your images as the collection grows over time.(See reference 1) If you are a heavy shooter, it is not uncommon to use 500 gigabytes of storage data or more a year. Knowing where your data is stored is vital when your archive grows to this size. Along with the flash drive, the external hard-drive is a required piece of hardware for your photography work-flow and adds an extra layer of protection if your computer fails or your flash drive is damaged.

Tags: flash drive, Flash drives, your computer, drive provides, drive simple, Drive Storage, flash drive provides

Print A Photo Right On The Passport Application

Passport applications require paperwork and photographs. Many places that have photo centers--such as drugstores and some post offices--will take your photo and then print it correctly for you to attach to your application. However, these places charge a fee for the service. If you have a good camera and printer at home, take your own photos and print them, but be careful because the requirements are strict--if you submit an unacceptable photo, your application may be delayed or rejected.

Instructions

Take the Photo

1. Tack a white sheet up against a wall in your house. This will be your background.

2. Arrange your lighting so that diffused light (bright light but not shining directly on the sheet) covers the part of the sheet where the person will stand.

3. Dress the applicant appropriately. According to the Department of State, he should wear "normal street attire, without hat or dark glasses." If the person normally wears a hearing aid, wig or prescription glasses, he should do so now as well. If the applicant is a woman, a headband or barrettes, if they obscure the natural hairline, are not allowed.

4. Place the person whose photo is going to be taken in front of the white sheet. He should stand straight up with arms to his sides. Have him look straight ahead and assume a relaxed, natural facial expression with closed mouth (not smiling).

5. Stand at least six feet away from the sheet and look through the digital camera's viewfinder. Center the person's face in the middle of your frame. Zoom in or out until you can clearly see the person's face and upper body.

6. Take the picture using the camera's highest-resolution setting. Zoom out slightly and take the picture again. Zoom in and take it again. This gives you several photos to choose from in case one is too close or far away to be edited to the correct size. Make sure you have a steady hand and the person's face is clearly in focus--even slightly blurry photos will be rejected.

Edit the Photo

7. Upload the photos to your computer and open them using the photo editing software. Choose a photo that is clear and well-lit without any glare, has no shadows on the subject's face and contains a straightforward image of the subject.

8. Crop the photo so it measures exactly 2 inches by 2 inches. Now enlarge or decrease the actual image until the face measures between 1 and 1 3/8 inches from the bottom of the chin to the top of the head. If you can't make these adjustments and have a clear image, try another of the pictures you took. This is a trial-and-error process, but be patient and keep working at until you get the ideal picture.

9. Print two color copies of the photo on thin photo-quality paper. View the photos again to ensure that the person's face appears in his natural color and facial expression. Photos that are too dark, overexposed or of low quality will not be accepted.

10. Cut the images out so no white photo paper shows around the edges. Make sure that your cut-out pictures are exactly 2 inches by 2 inches.

11. Attach the two identical photos to the passport application and submit it at a passport office within six months (photos must be retaken if they are more than six months old at the time of application).

Tags: person face, exactly inches, exactly inches inches, facial expression, inches inches, Make sure, take your

Record Tivo To Pc

If you use TiVo to record your favorite TV programs to a DVR, transferring programs from your TiVo tuner to your PC is made easy with the TiVo Desktop software. Before you can make use of this software however, you have to connect your TiVo tuner to your PC through a network router. Once your PC is set up to communicate with your TiVo box, you can use the TiVo Desktop software to transfer shows saved in your TiVo to your PC with the click of few buttons.

Instructions

1. Set up your network router. Make sure your modem is properly set up and turned on. Plug one end of a network cable into the "Data" port on your modem. Plug the other end of this cable into the "Internet" port on your network router (this port also might be labeled "WAN" or "WLAN"). Connect your router to a power source and turn it on. Wait a minute or two for the "Internet," "WAN," or "WLAN" indicator light to come on, signifying your router has successfully established a connection with your modem. Plug one end of another network cable into the network adapter port on the back of your PC. Plug the other end of the cable into one of the network ports on your router. Reboot your computer.

2. Connect your TiVo box to your network router. Insert one end of an Ethernet cable into the "Ethernet" jack on the back of your TiVo box. If you're using a Series2 Single TiVo tuner you must connect an Ethernet adapter to the USB port on your TiVo to equip your box with an Ethernet port. Insert the other end of the Ethernet cable into one of the available network ports on your router.

3. Adjust your TiVo settings. Turn on your TV and TiVo tuner. Press the "TiVo" button on your TiVo remote control. Highlight and select "Messages & Settings" from the menu options. Highlight and select "Settings" from the menu options. Highlight and select "Network & Phone" from the menu options. Make sure your TiVo tuner is configured to use Ethernet Network Settings instead of a phone line.

4. Download and install the TiVo Desktop software from the TiVo website to your computer.

5. Launch TiVo Desktop.

6. Click the "Pick Recordings to Transfer" button located at the top of the screen. A list of shows saved on your TiVo hard drive appears.

7. Put a check mark in the box next to each show title saved in your TiVo that you would like to transfer to your PC. If there is a symbol of a red circle with a slash going through it (instead of a box) next to the show title, it means that the show is unavailable for transfer due to copy right restrictions.

8. Click the "Start Transfer" button. Transfer time can take up to as long as the duration of the show being transferred. For example, if you're transferring a half hour program from your TiVo to your PC it could take up to 30 minutes for the transfer to be complete.

Tags: your TiVo, cable into, TiVo tuner, network router, TiVo Desktop

Troubleshoot A Sony Hdtv

Sony high definition televisions stand on the cutting edge of home entertainment, with designs and models that help set the standard for the industry. An HDTV can thus sometimes be a little intimidating when something goes wrong. The good news is that many HDTV problems can be solved with a few basic troubleshooting steps that should clear the problem right up. If you know what they are, they will save you a lot of time and effort.

Instructions

1. Conduct some basic troubleshooting steps applicable to all TVs. Check the cable connections to your DVD player or stereo system and make sure they're firm. Put fresh batteries in the remote if it's not working and make sure it has a clear line of sight to the set. Adjust the antenna to get better reception if you're experiencing snow or ghosted images. Sony HDTVs aren't the only sets that have these problems, but they can be solved much the same way as they could with any set.

2. Check the aspect ratio on your Sony HDTV by pushing the "Wide" or "Aspect" buttons. HDTVs are often in widescreen, emulating the 16:9 ratio of movie screens rather than the 4:3 ratio of older TV screens. Accordingly, you may see black bars on either side of your screen, or the image may appear distorted or cut off. The black bars are usually normal--there to keep the program in its original aspect. For distortion or a cut-off image--or if you'd rather watch a 4:3 show using the total amount of screen--keep pushing the "Wide" button until it cycles through to the aspect ratio you want.

3. Push the "Menu" button and then either the "Channel" icon or the "Parent" icon, followed by the "+" button. This lets you turn on a channel that you don't seem to be receiving. Sony HDTVs allow you to shut off certain stations or programs you don't want to watch. Accessing the "Channel" option or "Parent" option will let you turn them on again quickly.

4. Press the "Menu" button, then the "Channel" button, then the "+" button if your Sony HDTV is stuck on one channel. Scroll over to the "Channel Fix" setting and turn it off. The setting is used in conjunction with a VCR or cable box, letting you turn the channels on either of those components instead of on the TV.

5. Adjust odd colors, brightness or dimness by pushing the "Menu" button, selecting the "Video" option and hitting the "+" button. That lets you alter the various color settings to suit your tastes. Sony HDTVs also have a default setting in the Video controls. After you hit the "+" button, push the "Reset" button: it will return the HDTV to its standardized factory settings.

6. Get rid of an intrusive black box by pushing the "Menu" button, then the "Setup" button, then the "+" button. Scroll down to "Caption Vision" and turn it to the "off" setting. The black box carries closed captioning text for the hearing impaired. When the closed captioning setting is turned off, the box will no longer appear.

Tags: button then, Menu button, Menu button then, Sony HDTVs, aspect ratio, basic troubleshooting, basic troubleshooting steps

Get A Yamaha Receiver To Play Both A & B Speakers

Yamaha stereo receivers are similar to many home audio receivers in that they have provisions for powering more than one set of stereo speakers. This lets you connect one pair of speakers in your main listening room, while adding another pair in a secondary location, such as a patio or bedroom. Getting your Yamaha receiver to play both pairs of speakers, the A and B sets, is a simple process.

Instructions

1. Connect both pairs of speakers properly. There will be two sets of speaker outputs on the back of your Yamaha receiver--one labeled "A" and the other "B." Each of these outputs will have two pairs of terminals--one pair for each speaker, labeled "+" and "-." The secondary set of speakers should be connected to the B outputs and the primary set connected to the A outputs.

2. Turn on your Yamaha receiver and set the input of your Yamaha receiver to the music source of your choice, i.e., CD, tuner, or so on.

3. Press the speaker button on the front panel of the receiver to select the speakers you want to power. The button lets you cycle through the speakers, so that you can choose from A, B, A and B, and Off. The display panel of the receiver will show you which selection you've chosen. Set the output to A and B and check to make sure both sets of speakers are playing.

Tags: your Yamaha, Yamaha receiver, your Yamaha receiver, both pairs, both pairs speakers

Do It Yourself Radio Antenna

FM radio signals are line-of-sight. The FM radio signal does not follow the curvature of the earth, as does the AM radio wave. Early FM stations broadcast in either a horizontal wave or a vertical wave. Current FM broadcasters use a circular polarized antenna configuration that broadcasts both the horizontal and vertical components of the FM radio signal. The original folded dipole FM receiving antenna may not produce the desired results for receiving the modern FM station.

How FM Works

Check your local FM radio stations. Because the signal does not follow the earth's curvature, the Height Above Average Terrain (HAAT) and Effective Radiated Power (ERP) of the station determines the coverage area. You can easily check the coverage area of your local stations with the online radio station locator.

FM Coverage Area

Look at the colors of the coverage area. The red circle shows you the station's primary coverage area. If you live within this area, you will receive the strongest signal and your antenna needs will be minimal. The next circle is purple. This is the distant signal area. A good car radio should provide reception in this area but the signal will probably be weak inside home or office. In this area, you may need a better antenna. The largest circle is blue in color. This is the fringe area. Your car radio should receive a signal but it may drop out behind hills or buildings. If you live in this area you will need a better antenna.

FM Recption Problems

Check the terrain between your location and the FM radio station. This is the second major consideration. Most FM stations transmitters are located as high on a hill or mountain as possible. In level areas, they depend on a large tower to raise their antenna to maximum height. If you have hills, buildings or other obstacles between you and the station your reception will have disruptions and you will need to make an antenna.

What Kind of Antenna Will I Need

In the primary or local coverage area, the antenna that came with your FM radio may provide adequate signal strength. If you have hills or buildings blocking the signal, you will need to make an antenna. In the distant coverage area, a folded dipole antenna which most manufacturers provide with your new FM radio may provide adequate signal strength. You may have to move it to various locations and turn it in different directions to find the strongest signal. A better antenna will be needed to overcome signal obstructions.

Guidelines for Making The Antenna

In the fringe area, you will have to make a better antenna for good reception.To determine the exact length and configuration for an FM radio station antenna, follow the mathematical formula placed on line by WRYR low power FM. A guide to the construction of a practical antenna can be found on the WERU FM radio website. Use this strategy to determine what type of antenna you will need to make to enhance your FM reception. The websites listed in the references will give detailed instructions on make it.

Tags: coverage area, better antenna, this area, area will, hills buildings

Work Your Pentax Mzm

The Mz-M features an automatic film rewind function.

The Pentax Mz-M--also known as the Zx-M--automatic film camera takes pictures, with a manual option, using 35 millimeter film. Upon receiving your camera, you may have a few questions concerning its basic setup and functionality. Following a few steps will have you operating your Mz-M efficiently and effectively in little time. You can install batteries into the battery chamber, mount the lens into the camera body's mounting chamber, load 35 millimeter film into the back of the camera and take a picture using the automatic functions.

Instructions

Installing Batteries

1. Turn the camera over onto its top, so the bottom is facing you.

2. Wedge a coin into the slit on the battery chamber cover and twist counterclockwise to remove the cover.

3. Insert two CR2-type batteries into the chamber, one after the other.

4. Align the batteries' polarity with the polarity indicators printed on the inside of the chamber.

5. Place the cover back on top of the battery chamber and twist the coin clockwise on top of it to seal the door.

Mounting the Lens

6. Remove all lens covers from the front and back of the lens and the camera body mount--located on the front of the camera.

7. Line up the red indicator dots on the metal contacts of the lens and on the metal contacts of the camera mount--the large hole on the front of the camera body--with each other.

8. Lower the lens into the metal mount frame of the camera.

9. Twist the entire lens clockwise until you hear an audible click.

Loading Film

10. Open the back cover of the camera body by pushing down on the release lever which is located on the left edge of the camera body if you are looking at the camera from the back and swinging the back of the camera open.

11. Insert the 35 millimeter film roll into the left side of the film chamber with the leader pointing in the direction of the right side.

12. Pull the film leader over to the spool on the right side of the film chamber, leaving no slack.

13. Close the back cover turn the camera on by flipping the "On/Off" switch on top of the camera to "On." The film will automatically advance to your first frame.

Taking a Picture

14. Set the exposure mode by first twisting the lens aperture ring--located around the middle of the lens--to "A" (Automatic). This will allow the camera to automatically set the aperture to properly expose the picture.

15. Turn the "Shutter Dial" on the top of the camera to the left of the "On/Off" switch to "A" (Automatic).

16. Hold the camera close and steady against your body in both hands.

17.Frame your subject by looking through the viewfinder, which is the hole in the back of the camera that allows you to look through the lens and place your subject within the frame to your desire.

18. Hold the "Shutter Release" button on top of the camera inside the "On/Off" switch down halfway to allow the camera to automatically set all functions to properly expose the photograph. When you are satisfied with the composition and the lens has focused automatically, press completely down on the "Shutter Release" button to snap the picture.

Tags: camera body, back camera, battery chamber, millimeter film, allow camera, allow camera automatically, back cover

Problems With The Pioneer Cmx 3000

The Pioneer CMX 3000 dual CD player is designed for DJs to use in a format like dual turntables. After several uses, you may experience problems with playback. Following a few simple steps and performing your own maintenance will have your device operating effectively and will save you time, frustration and money.

Non-Ejecting Disc

If a disc won't eject when you press the "Eject" button, it's possible the power cord isn't plugged in. Remedy this by turning the 3000 around so that the back is facing you, and readjust the power cord. Check the cord for damage, such as cuts or tears. It's possible that a track is in the middle of playback, at which point it will not eject unless the CD has been paused or the device is in standby mode. If none of these remedies work, the "Eject" button may be broken and in need of repair.

Playback Malfunction

If your CD doesn't begin to playback automatically after it's insertion, the "Auto Cue" function may be activated. You can check this by pushing the "Play/Pause" button to start playing the disc. If the disc plays, then the "Auto Cue" function is on. The "Auto Cue" function can be turned off by pushing and holding the "Time Mode/Auto Cue" button for a second or longer. "Auto Cue" mode should then be deactivated and CDs will play immediately upon being inserted into the 3000.

No Sound

If you're not hearing any sound during a CD playback, your audio cords may have come loose or aren't attached correctly. Turn the back of the 3000 towards and check to see that your audio cables are properly attached. Reset the connection by detaching the cords. Check the receptors and jacks for dirt or grime. If you see that they are dirty, clean them with a dry cloth after powering your device down. Reattach your audio sources. If this doesn't work, confirm that the CD is not in pause mode. If so, push the "Play/Pause" button to continue playing the CD.

Noisy Playback

If you 're hearing a large amount of weird noise during the playback of certain discs, you may have inserted a warped or seriously scratched disc. Eject the disc and check it for dirt or grime. If you see that the disc is dirty, clean it, then insert it back into your 3000. If it's not dirty, replace it with a new one.

Tags: Auto function, your audio, dirt grime, dirt grime that, dirty clean

Determine Video Performance Of A Camcorder

Determine Video Performance of a Camcorder

Digital zoom, megapixels, white-balance, CCDs-The world of camcorders is full of confusing terms and features. But for you the bottom-line is performance. Follow these steps to help determine the video performance of a camcorder.

Instructions

1. Understand CCDs. That stands for charge-couple-device. CCDs are measured in terms of size: the bigger the size, the better the picture. This is the biggest factor in video performance in camcorders.

2. Understand effective pixels vs. gross pixels. Most manufacturers list both, but the number you are concerned with is effective pixels. Pixels are associated with the CCD--the more, the better.

3. Don't worry about megapixels. While megapixels greatly effect still quality, it factors little into video quality.

4. Understand optical zoom vs. digital zoom. Digital zoom is not a true zoom-your camera will merely enlarge the pixels and make a cross-section of the image, giving the appearance of being closer. This creates distorted images when zoomed in very close, and will exaggerate any movement of the camera. Optical zoom is a true zoom where the lens moves in and out. When shopping, look for a camera with high optical zoom.

5. Think twice about automatic adjusting camcorders. Trusting a computer to determine what will make the picture look best isn't always a good idea. While it might be nice for beginners, make sure you have the option to manually adjust as well.

6. Read reviews. Like most gadgets, it's hard to tell whether or not a camcorder is worth the money until you've tried it out. Check the Internet for user reviews. Pay particular attention to low-light performance, battery life, ease of use and overall quality.

7. Try it out! Even if you are ordering online, go down to the store and take the camcorder or a similar model for a test play. Fiddle around with all the features. Try to find a place to test out the low-light performance.

8. Think twice about combination video and still camcorders. A general rule of thumb for cameras is do one thing and do it well. A camcorder that produces both high quality stills and high quality video is going to cost you a whole lot more than buying a camera and a camcorder separately.

Tags: Digital zoom, effective pixels, high quality, low-light performance, optical zoom, Performance Camcorder

When To Use Manual Settings On A Digital Camera

Digital single lens reflex cameras usually have manual options you can take full advantage of.

Automatic settings in modern digital cameras allow anyone to take properly exposed, sharp photographs by just aiming and pressing a single button. However, those who would like a little bit more control of their cameras, as well as pull off some nifty photo tricks, would do well to learn and practice with the different kinds of manual settings found in most higher-end cameras.

Best Time for Manual Settings

Manual settings are best used in conditions where automatic settings don’t provide a good enough picture, like low light. Flash usually takes care of this problem, but you may not like the effect, and pictures taken at manual settings are generally more pleasing to the eye. Manual control also works better when you have time to tweak and play with such settings for a better effect, like with stationary subjects or in a photographic studio.

Types of Manual Modes

Manual settings are mainly found in higher-end, single-lens reflex (SLR) cameras. Most of the smaller, point-and-click cameras don’t have manual functions. Most digital SLR cameras, by contrast, offer varying degrees of manual control, letting you control either the aperture or the shutter speed. Different effects can be achieved in each mode.

Shutter Priority

Shutter priority settings are labeled as Tv in most cameras, according to the book "Digital Art Photography for Dummies." This mode controls the speed in which the aperture opens and closes as you click to take a picture. The slower the aperture speed, the more light enters the camera’s sensor. Slower shutter speeds enable light-trailing effects, while fast shutter speeds are frequently used in sports photography.

Aperture Priority

Aperture priority controls are commonly labeled as Av and allow the photographer to open or close the "iris" in the cameras photographic lens. The more open the iris, the more light enters the camera every time you take a picture. The effect is different from that of shutter priority, however. Aperture is measured in F-stop numbers; the lower the number, the wider the aperture.

"M" Mode

Full-on manual mode -also known as "M" mode- lets you control both the aperture and shutter speed, giving you full control over the picture’s exposure. Pressing a button and flicking on a dial lets you control the aperture, while doing the same without pressing that button lets you control the shutter or vice versa.

ISO Speed

Exposure control also introduces another variable: ISO speed (ISO stands for International Standards Organization). This is similar to the "speed" used to describe different types of film; faster films are more sensitive to light than slower ones. ISO speed is applied to the digital realm to represent the sensitivity of the photographic sensor. Unlike the shutter and aperture, which can be changed in real-time, ISO speed is usually set beforehand in the camera’s settings menu.

Tags: lets control, aperture shutter, aperture shutter speed, control also, digital cameras, have manual

Prelude Manual Transmission Vs Automatic

In 1979 Honda began production on its first real attempt into the sports car market with the Prelude. For 11 years the car was made with a manual transmission and the same safety standards and Honda engineering that has made its cars so reliable. It was that same year Honda tried its hand at an automatic transmission for the Prelude base package, its first in a sports car.

History

1959 marked the first year Honda Motor Company opened production in the United States. Twenty years later engineers set out to build the Prelude with intentions of making an exciting car that held true to the core Honda values of intelligent design and reliability.

Facts

The Prelude was the primary performance car of Honda constructed with the same handling and driveability as its better known lines, but with the power to compete in the sports car market. Unfortunately, though sales began to wane in the late 1990s and early 2000s as the price grew to be too much to pay for a car without the look and premium feel of the other cars in the market.

Features

Called the fifth-generation Preludes, the 1997 to 2002 versions were heavier and more dynamic in power than in previous years. Two trim levels were the Base and the Type SH, both of which came with a standard five-speed manual transmission. In 2000, for the first time in the United States, Honda introduced an automatic transmission to be available with a VTEC engine on the Prelude Base package.

Like all Honda-designed automatic transmissions, the Prelude automatic was constructed with three parallel shafts. Because engineers added a new 16-bit microprocessor to their old design, shifts were smoother and with less shift shock.

Types

The five-speed manual transmission was given an overhaul in the 2000 Prelude with a new clutch lining to reduce pedal effort and aid with shifting quicker between gears.

Both the automatic and manual transmission models were built with 2.2-liter four-cylinder engines, producing 190- and 200-horsepower, respectively.

Considerations

The 1997 to 2002 versions of the Prelude gained critical acclaim with their five-speed manual transmission models for being fun to drive and their practicality. In 1999 and 2000 the Honda Prelude won Edmunds.com Editors' Most Wanted Award for Best Sports Coupe in the $10,000 to $25,000 market.

Tags: manual transmission, five-speed manual, five-speed manual transmission, 1997 2002, 1997 2002 versions, 2002 versions

Post Graduate Courses In Chemistry

Take your chemistry education further with postgraduate study.

Chemists may be tasked with performing research and development on a new drug, evaluating why food products rot or taste the way they do, working in teams to analyze new ways to use materials such as rubber or steel and relied upon to perform quality control measures in factories. Becoming a chemist takes specialized education and training; if you've earned a bachelor's degree in chemistry or the sciences field and want to continue your studies, consider enrolling in a graduate course. Master's degree and doctorate programs in chemistry are available at colleges across the country, providing further in-depth studies and the opportunity to perform research projects.

Master in Computational Chemistry

Earn a Master's degree in Computational Chemistry from Michigan State University. The 2.5-year program includes topics in biochemistry, atomic and molecular structure, computational quantum chemistry, probability and statistics for engineers, computer-based scientific instrumentation, introduction to programming, discrete structures in computer science and chemical problems and reports. Students also complete a one-semester paid internship. A minimum grade point average of 3.0 must be maintained throughout the program and is required for graduation. Students get hands-on experience using Michigan's high-performance computer facility, 12 graphics computers and PC/Mac laboratories.

A bachelor's degree in chemistry is required. Graduate Record Exam scores are not required; students who do not submit scores must take a qualifying test.

Michigan State University

Department of Chemistry

East Lansing, MI 48824-1322

517-355-8332

msu.edu

PhD in Chemistry

Students looking to take their chemistry education further may seek a doctorate through the Washington State University Chemistry Department. The program, which offers three structured years of education and then up to four more years for thesis research, involves working 20 hours a week as a teaching assistant in a chemistry class and taking courses such as solid state chemistry, advanced analytical chemistry, organic mechanisms, advanced synthesis, kinetics and mechanisms, applied spectroscopy and applied physical chemistry. Students begin forming a research plan and project at the start of their second year in the program; graduation usually results after a minimum of two journal articles are published and the thesis is defended orally.

A bachelor's degree in chemistry or a related field is required, along with three letters of reference and Graduate Record Exam scores.

Washington State University

Chemistry Department

PO Box 644630

Pullman, WA 99164-4630

509-335-5585

wsu.edu

PhD in Chemistry

Work toward your Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry degree at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which combines classroom learning, research groups, solo projects, teaching experience, evening research talks, a thesis project (and defense) and written examinations. The program lasts between four to five years. Class topics include biological chemistry, frontiers in chemical biology, molecular imaging, biological engineering design, foundations of cell biology, genetics and nucleic acids. An examination in organic, physical, biological and inorganic chemistry is scheduled every month. Students have the opportunity to get involved with on-campus clubs such as Women in Chemistry and the Chemistry Graduate Student Committee.

A specific undergraduate major is not required, but students must show significant course work in chemistry, math and physics. Graduate Record Exam scores are required. A master's degree is not required.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

77 Massachusetts Ave.

Cambridge, MA 02139-4307

617-253-1803

mit.edu

Tags: State University, bachelor degree, bachelor degree chemistry, degree chemistry, Exam scores

Use The Line In A Connection Cable

Many stereos have a line in/out connection port.

If you are looking to connect two audio devices together, you usually do so through a connection cable and the line in/out ports. These ports are a single circular opening in the device (as to the two used by RCA cables). You can find this particular port on most laptop computers and stereo systems. Depending on what you are looking to connect, headphones and microphones typically plug into the line in/out ports.

Instructions

1. Plug one of the ends of the 3.5mm cable into the "Line Out" port of the device you want to send the audio from. If you are using a computer microphone the cable is already built into the bottom of the hardware.

2. Connect the other end of the 3.5mm cable into the "Line In" port on the device you want to import the audio into.

3. Power on both pieces of hardware, then set the device you want to play the audio with to "Aux." This is the auxiliary setting and it plays all content brought in through the "Line In" port.

Tags: device want, Line port, cable into, cable into Line, into Line

Conceal Home Audio Cables

Cables, cables everywhere. There are several ways to hide those ugly audio cables that deliver the great sound you're enjoying from your home theater system. And, depending on which process you choose, it can be a fairly simple task.

Instructions

The Basics

1. Make sure you have enough wire to run along the route you've planned between your amplifier and your TV. A bit of extra wire is preferable. Pulling the cables too tightly could damage them.

2. Try to avoid stringing the wires close to power cables. This can result in interference and diminished sound quality.

3. Avoid pinching the cables or doing anything that changes their shape. Bending or cinching a cable too tightly can result in poor performance.

4. Plan your route and consider the options. There are several ways to hide those cables including running them along the edge of carpeting, running them on a wall or baseboard, or running them under carpeting, behind baseboards or through cabinetry.

Ties, Tacks and Raceways

5. Find sturdy, plastic wire ties. Avoid flimsier ties that come with garbage bags.

6. Bundle your cables, after connecting them, and cinch them with the ties at either end and down the line every three or four feet.

7. Snip the excess plastic off the ties.

8. Purchase tacks that match the shape and size of the cable and be careful not to pierce the cable with the tacks.

9. Purchase raceways that are paintable to match the decor of your room, and make sure they are wide enough to accommodate all of your cables.

10. Insert your cables into the channels of the raceways, and attach them to your walls or baseboards.

Carpeting

11. Check to see if there is enough space between the carpet and the baseboard to run the cables to give your wires enough room so they won't get pinched.

12. Allow wires to surface briefly when going around corners and run them on a curve instead or sharp right angles, which can pinch the wires.

13. Exit the baseboard or carpeting behind furniture or directly below speakers to hide cables.

14. Paint the visible portion of your cable the color of your walls, etc. to make them less visible when they're attached to your TV, speakers or other devices.

15. Run wires under carpet being careful they're in areas where they won't be pinched or compressed. Also make sure your carpet is "plush" or thick enough where the wires won't show through. Good thick padding can also help you hide wires under thinner carpet.

16. Use flat or narrow cables, which are harder to detect when run under carpets.

17.Run your wires between the carpet and the pad, which is used as a cushion for the wires.

18. Use fish tape to hold the cables or wires in place under carpets. Make sure it's long enough to run the entire route.

Baseboards, Molding and Door Jambs

19. Use CL2 or CL3 UL-rated cables, and check to make sure the cables meet local fire and building codes.

20. Carefully pry off the baseboard, molding or door jamb with a chisel, crowbar or putty knife.

21. Chisel out a channel that's wide enough to run the cables through, and run your wire along the channel.

22. Running cables behind a baseboard or molding also requires that you install nail plates on each stud to protect the wire.

23. Reattach your baseboard, molding or door jamb.

Cabinetry or Closet

24. Drill holes that are large enough to comfortably accommodate your cables.

25. Protect your cables from rough edges by using grommets.

26

Run cables through multiple holes in a bundle by taping one behind the other.

27

Use wire ties or tacks to bundle and anchor cables to the sides of the closet or cabinet, making sure you're not pinching the wires.

Tags: your cables, baseboard molding, make sure, running them, accommodate your

Install An External Gps Antenna

Using an external GPS antenna improves reception whether you are driving or hiking. Antennae vary, depending on the brand of GPS you own and the strengh of the antenna. Following the directions provided to you in your antenna packaging will help you install an external antenna without much difficulty at all.

Instructions

Install an External GPS Antenna in Your Car

1. Clean off the dashboard and windshield of your car with a soft cloth.

2. Place the external antenna where the top of the dashboard meets the bottom of the windshield. This area of the car should be able to read GPS signals.

3. Secure the antenna with a heavy-duty tape, such as duct or electrical tape. You may also use a suction cup mount to install the antenna in the windshield.

4. Plug the antenna into one side of a DC adapter with a splitter and insert it into the car cigarette lighter. The adapter provides a power source for your GPS antenna.

5. Attach your GPS to the other side of the DC adapter.

Install an External GPS Antenna on the Roof of Your Car

6. Choose an external antenna with a magnetic mounting bracket for the roof of your car. This type of antenna is easy to transfer to other vehicles.

7. Use a screwdriver and the included screws to attach the magnetic mounting bracket to the GPS antenna's receiver.

8. Insert the included cable into the antenna receiver. Refer to the instruction booklet to determine the placement of the cable.

9. Open you car door or window enough so the cable can fit through the opening.

10. Attach the cable to your GPS.

Install an External GPS Antenna on Your Body While You Hike

11. Select an external antenna that does not need an additional power source, such as a passive antenna.

12. Pick a hat to wear that will accept an adhesive, such as a baseball cap.

13. Tape the GPS antenna to your hat. Duct or electrical tape works well.

14. Plug the antenna into your GPS.

15. Put on your hat and you are ready to hike. The antenna will pick up signals clearly as you hike through wooded areas.

Tags: Install External, antenna into, antenna receiver, antenna with, Antenna Your, electrical tape

Install Pc Web Camera Software

PC web cameras, also referred to as "webcams", are available from most electronics stores. They are a popular computer accessory, allowing users to speak to each other in a face-to-face environment. However, they are useless without the proper software, which is required for the computer to be able to receive a video signal from the camera. Thankfully, all of the necessary software is included on the web camera's installation CD, and it only takes a moment to install.

Instructions

1. Plug the camera's USB cord into a free USB port on the computer, if this hasn't been done already. After giving the computer a moment to recognize the camera, a balloon will pop up saying new devices have been found.

2. Insert the web camera's installation CD, and wait for the installer to appear. Click "Next" on each window as needed to install the software. If the installer does not automatically appear upon inserting the disk, open "My Computer", right-click on the CD drive, click "Explore", then open "setup.exe".

3. Launch the web camera software, which can normally be found in the start menu under "All Programs". Test the camera to ensure it is working properly.

Tags: camera installation, software which

Types Of Spy Cameras

Small, pinhole cameras record images undetected.

Spy cameras are used by professionals in law enforcement as well as by private citizens who want to watch over their homes or businesses when they are not present. There are several types of spy cameras available including wearable cameras, disguised cameras and night vision cameras. If you are considering purchasing a spy camera, remember that federal and state laws prohibit the use of spy cameras in areas of expected privacy like bathrooms and locker rooms.

Disguised Cameras

Cameras can be concealed in functional alarm clocks.

Disguised spy cameras are designed to appear like everyday household or business items. Disguised or concealed cameras are typically built into objects like alarm clocks, VCRs, stuffed animals, smoke detectors, or picture frames. The pinhole cameras are usually smaller than a quarter but have a wide view range that can capture images from most of the room. Disguised spy cameras are the most common type of spy camera used as nanny cams, which parents place in a common area to collect video of their child's caretaker. Disguised cameras can also be equipped with a motion sensor that activates the camera only when movement appears in front of the lens.

Wearable Cameras

Police officers, detectives, private investigators, or informants typically choose wearable spy cameras during covert operations like drug deals or prostitution stings. Like disguised cameras, wearable cameras are small enough to be concealed in wearable items like tie-tacks, pens, sunglasses, or cell phones. Wearable cameras can also be mounted onto hats or helmets to record activities from a first-person perspective; they are popular with sky divers and BMX bike riders.

Spy Web Cameras

Spy web cameras can either be exposed or concealed. Exposed web cameras are found in live-feed security cameras, but some nanny web cams offer streaming video from a disguised source like a plant or clock. Spy web cameras are different from other types of spy cameras because they stream real-time video or image feed to an internet source instead of to a receiver or recording device. Parents who use spy web cams are able to monitor their children or watch their property. Spy web cameras are also used to stream live video of exotic wildlife or other public spaces to public viewers who are watching online.

Night Vision Spy Cameras

Night vision spy cameras utilize infrared technology to record images in low light situations. Night vision spy cameras are popular for surveillance operations that take place at night or in secluded areas. The recorded image is sent to a receiver which adjusts the light to make the image appear as if it were recorded in daylight. Night vision cameras can be wearable, concealed or exposed depending on the specific recording situation.

Tags: vision cameras, cameras also, wearable cameras, alarm clocks, cameras wearable, nanny cams, Night vision cameras

Convert Vhs & Camcorder Tapes To Dvd

Save your old VHS and camcorder recordings by transferring them to DVD.

Old-style VHS videotape is fast becoming obsolete in the digital age. VHS tapes degrade over time, leading to video dropout, grainy pictures and muffled sound. Many people want to save their favorite recordings and home videos for posterity. Preserve your old domestic VHS tapes and transfer camcorder video to DVD in several different ways.

Instructions

1. Transfer your old VHS and camcorder tapes to DVD with a computer. Buy a digital converter that links a videocassette recorder or camcorder to the PC or laptop via a USB (Universal Serial Bus) connection. The converter ships with software that captures the video as you play it from the VCR or camcorder and saves it to the hard drive of the computer. Burn the saved video from the computer hard disk onto a recordable DVD. All modern laptops and desktop PCs include DVD-burning software and writers. Small netbook and some notepad computers do not include this technology.

2. Buy a VHS-DVD combination digital video recorder. Place your VHS or camcorder tape in the combination DVR and record it straight onto hard disk or direct to a rewritable DVD disk. You can also keep the transferred video on the hard disk and burn it to a rewritable DVD disk later. One of the benefits of a VHS-DVD combination digital video recorder is that it can be used in the same way as a regular DVR to record favorite TV shows onto hard disk, recordable DVD disks or VHS videotape.

3. Connect the VCR or camcorder to a stand-alone external DVD burner. You can buy external DVD burners designed specifically for transferring VHS and camcorder tapes straight to a recordable DVD disk without needing a computer. Once you burn a DVD, you can copy it as many times as you want.

4. Hire a VHS to DVD conversion service to transfer the old video and camcorder tapes for you. This option may suit those who don't want to buy hardware or software for the purpose. You can find a range of video transfer services online. Send the conversion company your old VHS and camcorder and they will transfer the video to DVD for a small fee.

Tags: hard disk, your camcorder, camcorder tapes, combination digital, combination digital video

Denon Avr1800 Instructions

The AVR-1800 was a basic five-channel audio receiver introduced by Denon in 1999. It was replaced by the 1801 model in 2000. The receiver can put out 75 watts per channel and has basic video connections (composite), plus digital connections for TOSLINK and S/PDIF inputs.

Connections

Do not connect video to the AVR-1800. Unlike more modern receivers, you cannot run HD video or DVD video through the AVR-1800, unless you use composite connections, which is a significant downgrade from component video, S-video and HDMI connections. If you have an HDTV and an AVR-1800, it is best to run video connections straight to the TV and audio connections to the AVR-1800.

For audio, in addition to standard left/right analog audio connections, the AVR-1800 has two TOSLINK optical connections and one S/PDIF digital connection. Use the S/PDIF for the DVD and the TOSLINK for your HD cable or satellite box.

Connect the speakers to their appropriate terminals, using banana plugs or by sliding the wire through the terminals and tightening them down.

Assign the Digital In

Go to the setup menu and assign the digital inputs to the appropriate connection. Power on the receiver, press the System Setup key on the remote to go to the setup menu and use the up/down arrows to go to "Digital In Assignment." Assign "Coaxial" digital in to DVD, and assign "TOSLINK 1" to TV/DBS.

Speaker Configuration

Press System Setup and go to "Speaker Configuration." The default setup is "Large" for front speakers and "Small" for center and surrounds. If you have bookshelf speakers for the front, change front to "Small"; if you have a large surround or rears, change the configuration to "Large."

Go to "Delay Time" next. Measure the distance of the front speakers, center speaker, subwoofer and surrounds from the main listening position in the room and enter that information in the appropriate speaker fields. The default is 12 feet for front and center and 10 feet for surrounds.

Tags: audio connections, audio connections AVR-1800, connections AVR-1800, front speakers, setup menu, Speaker Configuration, System Setup

Remove The Sd Card From My Lg Ally Droid

LG released the Ally smartphone in 2010 on the Verizon Wireless network. Using the Android operating system, the LG Ally comes with 4 gigabytes of memory out of the box. You can install a microSD card to increase the amount of memory available on the smartphone for media and data files. If you want to replace your microSD card with a different card, you first need to remove the installed microSD card.

Instructions

1. Press the menu button on the LG Ally to open the main menu. The menu button is found in the row of buttons on the bottom of the phone. The button is third from the left in the row and has a symbol of four horizontal rectangles on it.

2. Tap "Settings" on the screen, and then touch "SD Card & Phone Storage" and "Unmount SD Card."

3. Pull the protective tab out of the microSD card slot on the right side of the phone. The tab has "microSD" written on it.

4. Press in on the microSD card until you hear a click and then release the card. The microSD card will edge out of the slot.

5. Pull the microSD card fully out of the slot and replace the protective tab.

Tags: microSD card, menu button

Put Film In An Asahi Pentax K1000

Putting film in a camera is simple.

Putting film in an Asahi Pentax K1000 camera is an essential task that is necessary for the camera's use. This camera uses 35mm film, and loading that film into the camera is a simple task. Asahi Optical manufactured the Pentax K1000 from 1976 to 1997. The Asahi Pentax K1000 was made in Japan with metal top and bottom covers, while the Pentax K1000 without the Asahi name on the top faceplate was made in China with chromed plastic top and bottom covers. Other than that difference, the cameras are identical.

Instructions

1. Open the back of the camera. Do this by pulling up on the camera's rewind knob. That knob displays an "R" and a clockwise-pointing arrow. For a picture of the camera and its parts, see the "Pentax K1000 User's Manual" that is linked in the References section.

2. Pull out about 3 inches of film from a new canister of film.

3. Insert the film into the slot in the take-up spool. This spool is on the right side of the camera when looking at it from the back with the back open.

4. Place the film canister into the film chamber on the left side of the camera.

5. Press the rewind knob down to hold the film canister in place.

6. Pull the film advance lever to the right. As you do this, ensure the teeth on the sprocket go into the holes in the film as the film advances. If needed, press the camera's shutter release button and pull the film advance lever again.

7. Close the back of the camera.

8. Advance the film. To do this, pull the film advance lever to the right. You can verify that the film advances by seeing the rewind knob turn counterclockwise. Press the shutter release button, and then advance the film again, repeating the process until the camera's picture counter shows "1," indicating that the first picture is ready to be taken.

Tags: Pentax K1000, advance lever, Asahi Pentax, Asahi Pentax K1000, film advance, film advance lever, rewind knob

Buy An Rsq Karaoke Machine

Buy an RSQ Karaoke Machine

Some say that RSQ is the premiere karaoke company. RSQ has always focused on rugged karaoke machines, knowing that DJs travel all the time. The Neo E 500 player was built with those same standards. It plays NEO+G discs, a new form of discs on the karaoke market. It offers the same sound quality as CD+G, but there are many more functions.

Instructions

1. Decide what type of karaoke needs you have. There are essentially two categories: karaoke machines and karaoke systems. Some are ideal for in-home use. Others are more high-tech for use by a professional in an entertainment venue.

2. Compare and contrast products offered by RSQ. The Neo E 500 Karaoke player weighs 13 pounds and is moderately priced. It's a player only, so it's not equipped with speakers, microphone or a TV screen.

3. Check out the product features. Every karaoke machine is a little different. The Neo E 500 player lets you reserve almost 100 songs and search through the songs while the player is running. It has high capability and a surround sound decoder.

4. Know what's included. When you see the words karaoke machine, it typically is just that unit alone. If you're looking for everything you'll need, like speakers, microphones and a mic stand, look for a karaoke system.

5. Look for product reviews.

6. Inquire about special packages. Some companies offer upgraded music discs with all your favorites for an additional cost.

7. Buy the RSQ karaoke machine at a local retailer or online. There are several karaoke dealers on the web.

Tags: karaoke machine, karaoke machines

Digital Photo Editing Tutorial

Basic digital photo editing involves cropping, adjusting exposure and boosting colors.

Digital photography is so far advanced that nearly everyone can shoot adequate photos. Often what separates a so-so image from a stellar photograph actually happens after the shutter clicks. Basic digital photo editing techniques including cropping, adjusting brightness and contrast, and boosting colors will go a long way toward making your photos look professional.

Instructions

Basic Photo Editing Techniques

1. Crop your photograph to highlight the main subject of your image and to cut out distracting objects like cars, signs and strangers in the background. All photo editing software, free and paid, has crop tools that allow you to highlight the desired areas in your image and cut out the borders.

2. Adjust the brightness and contrast of your image to repair any exposure errors that occurred when you shot your photograph. Adjustment tools look like two sliders, one for brightness and another for contrast, that allow you to view your image as you adjust the two settings. Experiment with the settings until you're happy with the results. When you complete this step, your image should look very bold with deep-black blacks and bright-white whites.

3. Adjust the color balance in your picture to decrease any undesired or over-exposed colors, or to increase beautiful colors that you'd like to highlight. For example, if your subject stood near a red light that cast an ugly glow on her face, you could slightly decrease the red color balance to fix the problem. Alternatively, if you think your photo of a stunning sunset didn't do the golden clouds proper justice, you could increase the yellow colors in the image to enliven the image.

4. Sharpen the focus of your main photo subjects by applying a sharpening filter to your image. Sharpening filters are widely available in free and paid photo editing software. When you apply the filter, there are several sliders that will adjust the focus. Experiment with the settings until you're happy with the results. The main subject of your photo should look completely in focus and should pop out of the background.

5. Zap red-eye effect from the people in your photographs so they don't resemble a demon or another nefarious creature. Red-eye happens when your camera's flash catches your photo subjects at an odd angle and reflects from their corneas. Many photo editors have automatic "red-eye removal" options. Others allow you to zoom into the image and use a brush to color over the red with more natural black or gray hues.

6. Size your photograph based on your planned method of presentation. For example, if you are emailing your photo or posting it online, you should save the image at 72 dpi (dots per inch) and size the picture down to a maximum of 1,000 pixels at its longest side. If you plan to print your image, save it at 300 dpi and size it to 8 inches by 11 inches.

Tags: your image, your photo, photo editing, your photograph, Basic digital, Basic digital photo, boosting colors

Properly Use An Extension Ladder

Properly using an extension ladder to reach rooftops or high walls will keep you safe. Extension ladders stretch to heights beyond the reach of a stepladder. You can use extension ladders for heights over 50 feet to paint and repair walls, or to access the top of a roof. Unlike one-piece ladders, extension ladders retract to one-half or one-third of their length for easy carrying and transport. A van or pick-up truck can be outfitted with ladder racks that hold ladders over the roof. Exercise safety precautions to ensure worker safety whenever extension ladders are used.

Instructions

Properly Use an Extension Ladder

1. Measure the height of the work area to determine the length of ladder needed. The angle that an extension ladder must lean for safety makes it hazardous for a worker to reach a wall section that is more than four feet below the top support. Use a stepladder to reach sections that are too low for a completely retracted extension ladder.

2. Pull the fly section of the extension ladder up from the base section until the extended length can reach the desired height. Clip on the rung locks to hold that setting. With the top of the ladder against the wall, a worker should be able to reach three feet below and four feet above the top support. Set the base of the ladder at a distance from the wall that is one-quarter the length of the ladder height. For accessing rooftops, set the third rung from the top against the edge of a roof.

3. Level the base. The feet of a ladder have to stand on even ground to prevent it from tipping to one side. Use ladder jacks or cover the ground with a full size panel of plywood sheathing if the terrain is uneven. Use a small level on one of the rungs to indicate when the base is evenly grounded.

4. Support the top of the ladder with equal leaning weight on both rails. Set both footings at the same distance from the wall the ladder leans against to put equal weight on the top of the rails, or top supports, that rest against the wall. Secure the top supports to the work structure anytime they extend higher than the first floor. Use tie wire to secure the ladder to the frame of the building or the rafters.

5. Step onto a ladder from the front, not from a side. Carry tools in a tool belt so you can climb using both hands. Keep your face forward and look at the rungs as you climb up or down. Keep one hand on the ladder or one leg over the rung at thigh level if work requires both of your hands.

Tags: against wall, distance from, distance from wall, extension ladder, extension ladders

D Cell Specs

D-cell batteries are frequently used to power large flashlights.

Usually used to power boom boxes and large flashlights, the D cell battery, also known as an LR20 or 13A cell, is the largest commonly available battery. Although D cells are available in a number of different chemistries and in both single-use and rechargeable configurations, all share the same approximate size and nominal voltage output characteristics.

Physical Specifications

A typical D cell battery ranges from 59.5 to 61.5 mm tall, excluding the positive terminal; it is a cylinder with a diameter of 32.3 to 34.3 mm. The positive terminal, or anode, is a circular nub that is no more than 9.5 mm in diameter and at least 1.5 mm tall, perfectly centered on the top panel of the battery. The entire bottom panel of the battery is the negative terminal, or cathode. A typical D cell weighs 145 g and has a volume of 56.4 cubic cm.

General Power Specifications

D cell batteries typically produce a nominal voltage of 1.5 V; rechargeable batteries with nickel-cadmium chemistry produce slightly less voltage. Although each type of D cell produces different levels of power, it will significantly outlast a smaller battery. For instance, a Duracell Ultra AA battery will last about 3 hours when drained at 500 mW, a D cell of the same type will last about 20 hours.

Power Capacity: Duracell MX1300

A Duracell Ultra D-cell battery will last roughly 5 hours when drained at a relatively fast rate of 1 W, equivalent to roughly 0.67 amps. It is a single-use alkaline battery featuring manganese dioxide chemistry.

Power Capacity: Rayovac Heavy Duty

A Rayovac Heavy Duty D-cell battery has a zinc chloride formulation, which is less expensive than manganese dioxide. Although it is much lighter than an alkaline cell -- weighing just 96 g -- it is also much less powerful. With a draw of 0.545 amps, this cell lasts about the same length of time as an alkaline D cell but produces 20 percent less power.

Tags: will last, about hours, alkaline cell, battery will, battery will last

Identify A Nikon Fg

The Nikon FG is a single-lens reflex 35mm film camera. It was introduced in 1982. Unlike its predecessor, the Nikon EM, the FG offered complete manual control of the shutter and aperture settings. The FG was targeted to experienced amateur photographers desiring greater creative control over the picture taking process.

Appearance

The FG was sold in an all-black matte finish and in a mixed chrome-and-black finish. "Nikon" was written above the lens on the front of the camera. To the left of the lens were the letters "FG," indicating the model.

Size and Weight

The FG features a super-compact aluminum die-cast body. The body without a lens weighs approximately one pound and measures 5.35 inches wide by 3.44 inches high by 2.13 inches deep.

Technical Specifications

The FG was the first Nikon SLR camera to offer programmed auto modes of operation in addition to aperture priority, shutter priority and full manual control of shutter and aperture. The battery-powered electronic shutter offers speeds from 1 second to 1/1000 second but allows for mechanical operation at the M90 (1/90 second) setting.

Tags: control shutter, control shutter aperture, manual control, manual control shutter, shutter aperture

Troubleshoot A Canon Zr80

Capture important moments and special events using the compact Canon ZR80 digital camcorder. The ZR80 records onto MiniDV cassette tapes which can be reviewed and uploaded to a computer. The camcorder comes with a strap, a battery pack, a charger and a wireless controller. After the battery is installed and you're ready to use the camera, you might experience setbacks with power, cassette ejection, flashing messages or focusing.

Instructions

1. Press the "Battery Release" button on the back of the ZR80 to release the attached battery, if you know the battery is fully charged, but the camera won't turn on. The battery might not be properly attached. Remove the battery from the camcorder and allow a few seconds to pass to reset the connection. Press the brackets of the battery between the grooves on the back of the camcorder with the arrow on the battery pack facing down. Slide the battery down until it clicks into place.

2. Close the cassette case completely, until it snaps shut, if the cassette compartment won't open or if the ZR80 doesn't record. The camcorder won't record if the cassette compartment is open. Slide the "Open/Eject" switch on the bottom of the camcorder over until the back pops open. Open the compartment all the way. Allow the metal portion of the cassette compartment to open automatically. If you insert a cassette, confirm that the cassette is inserted with the window facing away from the camera and the tape protection tab facing away from the camera.

3. Slide open the "Open/Eject" switch on the bottom of the camera and remove the cassette if the "Condensation Has Been Detected" message flashes on the screen. Condensation has formed on inside the camcorder due to a dramatic shift in temperature, such as when the camcorder is moved from a cold room to a hot room. The camcorder fails to operate as a safety measure. Allow the camera to dry out for at least an hour.

4. Clean the lens with a soft cloth if the camcorder has trouble focusing automatically. If the lens cleaning doesn't solve the problem, focus the camera manually. Move the "Program Selector" switch on the back of the ZR80 to "P." Push the "Focus" button on the left side of the ZR80 and twist the "Set" dial on the bottom-left side of the camcorder up or down until the image is focused.

5. Push the "Rewind" button on the LCD screen if the cassette tape fails to play back. The cassette tape might be at the end. Confirm that the "Power" switch on the right side of the camera is moved to "Play" or "VCR."

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Take Care Of Lithium Batteries

3-volt lithium battery

It is important that lithium batteries not be confused with lithium-ion batteries. Lithium batteries last longer than other types of batteries but most are not rechargeable and are designed to be used only once. Lithium batteries are used in a wide variety of electronics such as clocks, cameras, PDAs, watches, calculators and even pacemakers. Lithium batteries are also sometimes used as a backup in computers.

Instructions

1. Transport lithium batteries with care. Because of the potential for short circuit and rapid discharge causing explosion, the air transportation of lithium batteries is strictly regulated. Any battery not installed in an electronic device may not be transported in either checked or carry-on luggage.

2. Always follow the manufacturer's advice when using lithium batteries and recycle used batteries whenever possible.

3. Store lithium batteries in the refrigerator. Doing so may make them last longer. Never freeze a battery.

4. Be aware that some states have restricted the sale of lithium batteries. This is to prevent their use in illegal meth labs.

5. Replace 9-volt lithium batteries in smoke detectors. They can last up to 10 years.

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Make A Payment On A Capital One Credit Card

You can pay your credit card bill by mail or online.

Paying your credit card on time will help save you money. You can incur hefty fees if you fail to pay by the due date, and if the late payments show up on your credit report, your credit scores will drop, which can translate to higher interest payments and difficulty obtaining loans. You can pay your Capital One credit card bill by mail or online.

Instructions

1. Pay by check, and mail your payment to Capital One Bank, P.O. Box 60599, City of Industry, CA 91716-0599. Write your account number on your check, and include the payment stub that comes with your monthly bill.

2. Visit the Capital One website, and enroll to manage your accounts (see Resources). This will allow you to pay online. Click on the "Enroll here" link on the upper left-hand corner of the website's home page.

3. Click on "Enroll" next to "Credit Cards."

4. Read the terms, and if you agree, click "Yes."

5. Fill out your credit card information on the form, including your credit card number, expiration date, numbers from the back of the card, last four digits of your Social Security number and your birth date.

6. Create a user name and password for the account, and enter your email address.

7. Choose three security questions using the online form.

8. Decide between going paperless or receiving your monthly bills via the post office. Click "Continue" to go to the next step.

9. Click "Continue to Accounts Summary." In the future, you will not need to repeat Steps 2 through 8; you can go to the website and log in, using the user name and password you created in Step 6.

10. Click on the tab "Pay Capital One." A payment window will open. Complete the form, and make a payment using your banking account.

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