Sirius Capable Radio Installation

Clear, static free signals are a perk of satellite radio.

There is no need to seek a professional to install your Sirius Satellite Radio, which is a radio capable of receiving signals from Sirius. As long as your car is satellite radio ready, the task is simple and doesn't require advance knowledge in car audio electronics --- just look for a Sirius logo, which will typically be located on the front of your factory-installed radio. You can also check with the car's owner's manual for the logo sticker's specific location. Many modern vehicles are satellite radio ready.

Instructions

1. Install the Sirius radio in the location of your choice. Press the suction cups to the flat surface of this location. The interior of your front window or a smooth dashboard work well.

2. Extend the power cord from the mounted radio to the lighter socket in the interior of your car. This wire will have a round plug on the end of it.

3. Run the antenna wire from the mounted radio to the exterior of your car. Typically, the roof is a good place for the antenna. Extend the wire under the jams of the front and back driver's side doors, through the crevasse along side of the backseat and to the trunk. Open the trunk and retrieve the antenna and wire. Lay the wire against the crevasse between the trunk hood and body of the car. Expose just enough of the wire on the exterior of the car so that that antenna and reach the roof. Close the trunk.

4. Place the antenna on the roof of the car. This is magnetic device that will be attracted to the metal of your car's body.

5. Activate your Sirius Satellite Radio. Retrieve the ESN number. This is located on the back of the radio that you have mounted in your car. Call Sirius at 1-888-539-7474 to supply a customer service representative with your ESN number to complete activation.

Tags: satellite radio, antenna wire, from mounted, from mounted radio, interior your, mounted radio, radio ready

Free Airtime To Cingular

Cell phone minutes can be earned with little to no cost to the customer.

Prepaid cellular service offers the convenience of only paying for service when you use the cell phone for making telephone calls, receiving text messages or sending picture or video messages. Adding airtime to a Cingular/AT&T prepaid cellular phone service can be done for free through a Facebook application called Embee Pay.

Instructions

1. Log in to your Facebook account. Create a Facebook account for free if you don't already have one.

2. Type Embee Pay into the search bar of the Facebook web page.

3. Add the Embee Pay application to the list of apps you will use on Facebook. Adding the Embee Pay application to the list of apps you use on Facebook provides quick access when you need to use it to attain free Cingular/AT&T airtime.

4. Click "Add Phone Number" on the main Embee Pay application page. Enter your Cingular/AT&T telelphone number and select AT&T from the list of cell phone carriers. Cingular is now known as AT&T. Embee Pay will send a text message to your phone containing a four-digit code. Enter the four-digit code on the Embee Pay application page to verify the Cingular/AT&T cellular telephone number.

5. Click the "Earn" link from within the Embee Pay application. Complete surveys, application install offers and requests for information related to insurance, health care and careers to earn Embee Points that you can redeem to earn free Cingular/AT&T prepaid airtime. Click the "Top Up Now" link to determine how many Embee Points you need before you can earn free Cingular/ AT&T minutes. The amount of Embee points you need before you earn free airtime varies by provider.

6. Once you have earned enough Embee points to redeem for free cingular airtime, click the "Top Up Now" button. Click "Select" next to the amount of airtime you wish to add to your phone. You will see a code that you will enter from your cell phone or from the online interface to add free airtime to a Cingular/AT&T cell phone.

Tags: Embee application, cell phone, earn free, free Cingular, airtime Click

Unlock A Sony Nvu73

The Sony NV-U73 (also called the NV-U73T), is a 4.3-inch portable GPS navigation system. The NV-U73 features include not only a touch display and various maps for navigation, but also a password-protected unit lock that keeps an unauthorized user from accessing the system. Unlocking the NV-U73 isn't difficult. Sony has designed the unit's Password Lock screen with several settings including lock deactivation. You simply need to access the screen, make the correct selections and enter your 4-digit security password.

Instructions

1. Turn on your Sony NV-U73 portable navigation system. Enter your 4-digit security password to unlock the unit and access the main screen.

2. Touch the red toolbox icon at the bottom of the screen to open the Setting menu.

3. Select "General" to open the General settings. Select the "Password Lock" option.

4. Tap "Off" and then "OK" to bring up the password prompt.

5. Input your 4-digit password. Touch "OK" again to deactivate the Password Lock.

Tags: Password Lock, your 4-digit, 4-digit security, 4-digit security password, navigation system, portable navigation, portable navigation system

How Satellite Dishes Work

Basics

Satellite dishes provide television programming and pay-per-view content to your home. They sometimes appear similar to cable TV services and the content they provide is very similar, but the means by which that content gets to you is much different. It starts with the dish itself, which captures the broadcast signals and sends them through the cable into your converter box and from there into the TV. The presence of the dish itself forms part of the reason why satellite TV works the way it does.

Normal TV Signals

Standard TV signals are broadcast from the TV station directly to the antenna in your home. This works fine, provided the station is within a reasonable distance. The farther you go, however, the more the curve of the earth becomes a factor. The broadcast signals travel in a straight line, which can be affected when the earth starts to bend away from it. That's partly why a viewer in San Francisco can't get TV signals from Detroit (not without paying a cable company for the privilege, at least).

Triangulation

One way around this problem is to use triangulation: beam the signal to a separate location and then beam it from that location back down to your home. A spot in orbit --- a satellite --- makes the best method of doing this, because it eliminates the curve of the earth from the equation. The station sends the signal directly up to the satellite, which then broadcasts it directly down to the dish in your home. It can thus reach a huge number of homes very easily, while providing a clear and sharp signal to subscribers.

Synchronization

In order for the satellite to work most effectively, it needs to attain geosynchronous orbit over the earth. That means it moves at the same speed as the earth's orbit, keeping it "hovering" in the same spot over the planet. Geosynchronous orbit provides a steady location relative to the ground, both to beam the signal up to the satellite and for the dishes in people's homes to pick up the satellite's broadcasts. That's why your satellite dish needs to be pointing at a precise location in the sky: it's aimed at the geosynchronous orbit of the satellite itself.

Programming

As for specific channels, the satellite companies themselves broker deals with the various stations to broadcast their content. They pay a fee to ABC, TNT, the Home Shopping Network, HBO, etc. for the rights to their shows. That fee is then passed on to the consumer as part of the satellite service's monthly rate. Satellite companies can thus offer programming packages, with more expensive packages containing a larger number of channels, instead of simply beaming every possible channel into every subscriber's home.

Tags: your home, beam signal, broadcast signals, curve earth, dish itself

Easily Unlock An Iphone 3g

The iPhone is an incredibly popular smartphone that has changed the way the modern world uses smart phones. Coupled with an impressive selection of software and what some consider the best touchscreen ever made, the iPhone is a superb device. Unfortunately, in the American market, the iPhone is only carried by AT&T. This is not due to hardware limits though; the iPhone works on any GSM network when it is unlocked. Unlocking your iPhone 3G (or 3GS for that matter) can open your phone to almost any other network.

Instructions

1. Download and install blackra1n (see Resources).

2. Plug your iPhone into your computer. Do not sync it with iTunes.

3. Open blackra1n and click "Make it ra1n." Wait for blackra1n to finish jailbreaking your iPhone.

4. Open the "Cydia" app on your iPhone. There will be a list of three applications. Select "sn0w" and then press "Install." Allow your iPhone to install the program.

5. Reboot your iPhone. At this point, your iPhone is unlocked and can accept GSM SIM cards from non AT&T cell providers.

Tags: your iPhone

Make Rca Cables

An RCA cable--a length of wire with a male RCA connector at either end--usually comes premade. These cables are almost ubiquitous in home and car stereo systems. They're used for connecting audio components like amplifiers to the preamp outputs of a car receiver, or to connect a CD player to a home stereo receiver, to name just a few examples. Good quality RCA cables can be expensive, particularly in longer lengths, but you can save some money by making your own using some off-shelf parts, simple tools and this set of instructions.

Instructions

1. Cut your wire to the length you desire. How long a cable you need depends upon what you're connecting. When patching together home audio gear, the length may be quite short, maybe only a foot or two, since the components are usually in the same cabinet. In car audio systems you may find the components you need to connect in different parts of the car--for example, a receiver in the dash, and an amp in the trunk. This may take a length of over 20 feet. Take into account the gear you'll be connecting and where it's located when you decide how long the wire will be.

2. Strip the insulation off of either end of the wire to expose the two leads, and the insulation off of each lead so that a 1/2 inch of bare wire is exposed.

3. Choose one end of the wire. Slide the shell of your RCA connector over the wire, and then insert the positive lead of the speaker wire into the center post of the conductor. Solder the wire in place. Hold the negative lead against the back post of the RCA connector and solder into place. When the solder has cooled, slide the shell over the connector and screw on tight.

4. Repeat Step 3 with the other end of the wire. When you're done, you'll have an RCA cable with a single connector at either end.

Tags: connector either, home stereo

Read A Lexar Sd Memory Card

Lexar Secure Digital (SD) cards are small memory devices that are used to store and backup information. They come in a variety of memory sizes, such as 2GB, 4GB and 8GB, and are used in many devices such as portable video players, MP3 players, digital cameras and camcorders. The larger the gigabyte memory size, the more information can be stored. Information saved on you card can be accessed easily from your computer. This allows you to save and transfer more files.

Instructions

Reading a Lexar SD Card on a Windows Computer

1. Plug in the Lexar SD memory card in the SD/MMC/SM/MS/MS-PRO card slot on your computer. Your computer will automatically read it and recognize it as a portable device.

2. Double click "My Computer" on your desktop. Your card will be listed as a removal disk together with other hard drives that might be connected to your computer.

3. Double click your card to open it. Locate a file on your computer that you want to transfer to your Lexar card and right click it. Scroll down the pop-up menu and click "Copy."

4. Go back to your opened card window and right click a clear spot. Scroll down the pop-up menu and click "Paste." The file will be transferred to the SD card.

5. Drag and drop a file from the SD card to a location on your computer to copy it there. Move to the next step if your computer does not have a card reader.

6. Plug one end of the USB cable to your multicard reader and the other end to an open USB port on your computer.

7. Insert the SD card into the SD card slot. Your computer will recognize the new device as a removal disk. Follow the same steps to copy and transfer documents to and from your SD card.

Reading a Lexar SD card on a Macintosh Computer

8. Plug one end of the USB cable to the Lexar Multi-Card Reader and the other end to an open USB port on your computer.

9. Insert the SD card into the SD card slot on the reader. The Macintosh will recognize the new device and will automatically display it on the desktop.

10. Double click the SD card on the desktop to open it. Locate the files you want to transfer to the card, then copy and paste them into the card window.

11. Drag and drop files from your card to a location on your computer to copy them there.

Tags: your computer, card slot, Double click, from your, into card

Waterproof Digital Camera Comparison

William Thompson took the first underwater photo, in the mid-19th century, with a traditional camera he had waterproofed.

The digital camera was developed in the late 20th century. Instead of capturing images on film, these cameras capture the image digitally, saving the information onto a memory card. Waterproof digital cameras allow photographers to take pictures underwater.

Depth Rating

When comparing waterproof digital cameras, one major factor is their depth rating. This is the maximum depth at which the camera can operate without being damaged. The Canon PowerShot D10 is rated to a depth of 33 feet, suitable for snorkeling and shallow dives; however, the Fujifilm Finepix Z33WP is only rated to 10 feet, making it only suitable for snorkeling, swimming or above water activities where there's a concern the camera may get wet.

Resolution and Zoom

The resolution a camera offers determines the quality of the print, at a certain print size. The zoom feature allows the photographer to get close shots without having to get up close and personal with a subject. The Olympus Stylus Tough 8000 offers a 12MP camera with a 3.6x zoom. The Panasonic Lumix DMC-TS1 offers a similar resolution, but with a 4.6x zoom.

Price

Pricing for waterproof digital cameras varies greatly. Shallow rated cameras, such as the Fujifilm, can be found for less than $200. Those rated for deeper depths, with higher resolution and greater zoom capabilities, can be more than $500.

Tags: digital cameras, suitable snorkeling, waterproof digital, with zoom

Build A Macro Photography Light Box

Macro photography captures details of small objects like rings, flowers and insects. A light box creates even, diffused light to make your macro photo subject stand out against a seamless background. A macro light box can be made from a simple cardboard box.

Instructions

1. Place the cardboard box on its side, with the open side facing you.

2. Reinforce the closed end with tape to provide stability.

3. Using scissors, cut large squares from the top and two sides of the box. Leave enough cardboard at the corners so the box can stand on its own.

4. Tape pieces of tissue or tracing paper over the holes on the top and sides of the box.

5. Place a piece of poster board (white is typically used) inside the box, allowing it to curve from the top of the box to the front. This will create your seamless background.

6. Place your light source on the outside of the box so it shines through the paper window.

7. Experiment with the placement of the light source to get the effect you want.

Tags: light source, seamless background

Troubleshoot Jvc Digital Video Cameras

JVC adopted the VHS standard for its cameras and recorders.

JVC was one of the first video cassette device manufacturers, having adopted the VHS standard for its cameras and recorders. Today, JVC uses mini-disc, digital tape, hard drives or SD cards. Problems with the cameras can stem from power, recording, playback and other issues. These kinds of problems can be corrected by following some troubleshooting steps.

Instructions

1. Secure the battery pack tightly if the camera won't power up. Recharge the battery. Connect the AC adapter to the wall and the battery charger.

2. Look at any recording media that you are using and verify that the erase lock isn't in place. On SD cards look for a small switch on the side of the card that should be flipped. On cassettes, a tab is on the back.

3. Clean the tape heads if you're using cassettes. Use a tape head cleaning cassette that you can purchase from camera stores. Insert the tape and follow the instructions on the packaging. SD cards and other solid state media are less prone to dirt and wear.

4. Clean the lens if the images appear fuzzy. Use isopropyl alcohol and a lens cleaning tissue. Wipe the lens from the outside to the inside to avoid pushing dust into the sides of the lens.

5. Adjust the focus if images on the JVC Digital Video Camera are still fuzzy after cleaning. Use the automatic function for easy results. Press "Focus" twice to set it to "Automatic."

Tags: adopted standard, adopted standard cameras, cameras recorders, Digital Video, standard cameras, standard cameras recorders

What Is A Leica Lens

What Is a Leica Lens?

Leica lenses are among the highest quality glass that have been manufactured because of their specialty microscope design. A German company, Ernst Leitz, took it upon itself to provide photographers with a small, lightweight 35mm camera, revolutionizing the business in the process. These cameras became convenient for traveling, while still creating a sharply focused image. Leica lenses have been, and are becoming even more popular due to their versatility in photographic situations; however, their price could set your wallet back a few dollars.

History of Leica

The Leica camera was originally produced by a company named Ernst Leitz Gmbh, although today it is now manufactured by a company named "Leica," the name coming from Leitz camera. These cameras were originally intended as compacts, especially useful for landscape photography, which used 35mm film, making it easier for the photographer to travel with his gear, and were first built by Oskar Barnack in 1913.

Leica continued to manufacture precision film cameras and film lenses into the 1990s, and in 1996 Leica camera split from the Leica Group, which formerly included Leica Microsystems and Leica Geosystems.

Today, they have shifted to the digital market, and while not all of the original lenses can be mounted to the digital bodies, most of the analog lenses, such as the M-series, can be. If you want to take advantage of the optical quality of a Leica lens, there are adapters available for Canon Digital bodies.

Leica Lenses

Leica lenses are exceptionally sharp and take crystal clear pictures because they were produced by a former microscope manufacturer, Ernst Leitz. Because Leica cameras started using a smaller film than normal at that time (35mm), a better lens was needed to produce a quality enlargement. This company is also noted for several optical advancements such as aspherical production, and multicoated lenses which both help produce a sharper, and better light-controlled photograph.

Uses

Leica cameras and lenses are used by amateur and professional photographers alike; however, because of their costly price, they're not for all budgets. Leica is known for its superior optical quality, which makes its products popular with photographers. These lenses are also great for natural light photography because they are extremely sharp at their widest aperture, meaning they can let a lot of light into the lens while still taking clear pictures.

Prices

Leica lenses and cameras are in popular demand today because of their superior quality, increasing rarity, and historical significance. As of 2009, Leica camera bodies, without a lens, cost anywhere from $600 to $3,000. If you're looking to buy just a lens to go with your camera, which is always helpful for photography, you can expect to spend anywhere from $700 to $6,500 for the quality piece of glass.

Where to Buy

Because these items are quickly becoming collectors items, a good place to check for Leicas are on specialty photography websites such as Adorama, and B&H Photo and Video. However, they can also be found on online auction sites. These products are very sought after and can prove to be difficult to find, as well as pricey, though their quality makes them worth the cost.

Tags: because their, Ernst Leitz, Leica camera, Leica lenses, anywhere from, because they, clear pictures

Use A Sony Net Md Mini Disc Player As Data Storage

Store data files to your mini player using a USB cradle.

Music formats have evolved over time, starting with vinyl and getting progressively smaller over time. Before the introduction of digital formats, there was an invention called the mini disc. Mini disc players are convenient in terms of size and can be easily connected to a computer. Another benefit of the mini disc player is you can use it to store non-audio files.

Instructions

1. Insert a mini disc into the mini disc player.

2. Place the mini disc player in the USB cradle and connect it to a free USB port on your computer.

3. Click "Open Folder to View Files" when the dialogue box appears. A folder displaying the contents of your mini disc player will appear.

4. Locate the data files you wish to store on the device. Click the files and drag them into the mini disc folder.

5. Open "Computer," right-click the mini disc drive and select "Eject." The mini disc drive is located underneath the "Devices With Removable Storage" header.

6. Disconnect the USB cradle. The files are now stored on your mini disc player.

Tags: mini disc, disc player, mini disc, mini disc player, your mini

Change Firmware On A Magellan 700

Changing the firmware on your Magellan 700 GPS device is an incredibly simple task. It requires a minor fee, but other than that you shouldn't run into any problems when downloading the updates. Many users fail to update their devices, which can cause them to miss out on cool new features, map updates and other useful information. Don't let this happen to you! With a few simple steps, you'll be up to date in no time.

Instructions

1. Select the "Menu" option on your Magellan device and then select "System Status" followed by "Product Information" and make a note of the firmware version number that your device is currently running.

2. Connect your Magellan 700 to a PC using the USB cable that was provided with your product.

3. Set up an account for your Magellan 700 at Magellangps.com.

4. Click on the "Support" option from the Magellangps home page.

5. Enter your GPS device's family and model into the provided tabs in order to receive the recommended firmware updates.

6. Browse the most current updates and upgrades available for your Magellan, being sure that they are not the firmware version that you are already running.

7. Choose to install the updates onto your Magellan 700 and allow several minutes for the information to be completely downloaded and installed before closing the software and disconnecting your device.

Tags: your Magellan, your device, firmware version, Magellan device, your Magellan device

Troubleshoot A Venturer Dvd Player Pvs1262

Portable DVD players are an easy and convenient way of enjoying your DVD collection while on the go. Use the Venturer PVS1262's battery power on a road trip or long flight, or plug it into an AC adapter in a place that does not have a DVD player. If you happen to experience some basic malfunctions with your portable DVD player, it is always better to try and address these problems on your own rather than risk wasting money on replacing the DVD player or having it serviced.

Instructions

1. Plug in the DVD player's AC adapter. The PVS1262 features a rechargeable battery, so if the DVD player will not power on it is possible that the battery has simply gone dead. If the DVD powers on after plugging the AC adapter in, you either need to replace or recharge the battery.

2. Insert multiple DVD disks and attempt to play them. Anytime a DVD player will not play a disk, the first step is to try many different DVDs in order to determine whether the problem is with one disk specifically or with the DVD player generally. If all disks but one play in the DVD player, the disk that won't play may be dirty or damaged. If none will play, you will likely need to have the DVD player serviced.

3. Power the DVD player off and back on. This is a useful troubleshooting step if the DVD player freezes or if it is experiencing any picture or audio distortion.

Tags: have player, player will, will play

Connect A Tv With No Av Hookup To A Dtv Converter And A Dvd Player

It is possible to hook digital television converter boxes and DVD players up to any television, regardless of how old the TV is. Your TV doesn't have to have the standard red, yellow and white audio/video connections. All televisions have a standard coaxial input to plug an antenna into. This is the only piece of equipment your TV needs to enjoy not just the benefits of digital television, but also high quality DVD movies as well.

Instructions

1. Use the coaxial cable that came with your digital converter box to connect the box to your television. Screw one end of the cable into the coax input labeled "Antenna IN" on the back of your television, and the other into the "TV OUT" coax input on the back of the converter box.

2. Screw the coaxial cable that comes with any standard television antenna into the "Antenna IN" coax input on the back of the digital converter box.

3. Plug the red, yellow and white audio/video cables from the DVD player into the red, yellow and white audio/video inputs on the back of the converter box. The red cable goes into the red input, the white into white, and the yellow into yellow.

4. Make sure both your digital converter box and your DVD player are plugged into wall outlets. Plug the power cords connected to each device into any standard wall outlet, power strip or surge protector.

5. Make sure your television is set to the correct channel. Depending on your model of television, you will either need to set your television to channel "3" or "4" to see and hear the DVD player.

6. Make sure the digital converter box and the DVD player are both powered on. The digital converter box needs to be on at all times in order to use your DVD player in this particular setup.

Tags: digital converter, your television, audio video, coax input, Make sure

Install Cable Cards In Tivo Hd

The TiVo HD box is designed to allow users to record and watch television shows that are streamed in HD. It will also record programs that are transmitted in standard definition. The main draw of this device is the larger hard drive size, meaning that the HD programs, which have larger file sizes than standard definition programs, will be able to fit on the space available. While many people receive their cable signals from a set top box, there are users who take advantage of the cable cards that their cable providers offer. Fortunately, the Tivo HD supports this format.

Instructions

1. Record the serial number located on your cable card.

2. Check that the coaxial input cable is going directly from the wall to the "Cable In" input on the back of your TiVo HD.

3. Power on your television and select the appropriate input source for your TiVo HD device, so that you can see a TiVo screen. Any screen is acceptable, as you are just making sure that you will be able to navigate through the TiVo menus later.

4. Flip open the silver door located on the front of your TiVo, at the bottom. This should reveal two cable card slots.

5. Insert your cable card into Slot 1. If you have two cable cards, complete the installation process for the first one before attempting the installation of the second.

6. Choose to "Configure CableCard 1" when the configuration screen appears.

7. Select the "CableCard Menu" option.

8. Call your cable company to activate the cable card, while leaving the "CableCard Menu" screen on your television. You will need this information during activation.

9. Exit the "CableCard Menu" to return to the "Configure Cable Card 1" screen.

10. Select the "Test Channels" option to verify the installation and activation.

11. Repeat Steps 1-10 if you have a second cable card, substituting instances of "CableCard 1" with "CableCard 2".

Tags: cable card, CableCard Menu, your cable, your TiVo, cable cards, standard definition

Charge The Battery For A Canon Xti Kit

The Canon XTI (officially known as the Canon Digital Rebel XTI) uses a rechargeable lithium-ion battery pack. The XTI comes with a home-charging kit. To charge the XTI's battery, it must be removed from the camera. Canon recommends charging the battery fully the day before using it. It also recommends removing the battery from the XTI when the camera's not in use to preserve battery power.

Instructions

1. Turn your Canon over to expose its bottom. On the side opposite the display screen, you'll find the battery cover. Slide the lever on the battery cover to open the compartment. Inside the compartment, push the battery-security lever over and lift the battery out.

2. Remove the cover from the battery-charging kit; squeeze the tab on the side to pull it off. Insert the battery into the charging compartment. Line up the contacts on the bottom of the battery with the contacts in the charging compartment. Push the battery down and slide it into place.

3. Turn the charging kit over and flip out its outlet prongs. Plug the kit into a wall outlet to begin charging the battery.

If your charging kit does not have prongs, attach the provided cable to the connection on the charger. Plug the other end of the cable into the wall outlet.

4. Wait for the battery to charge. When the battery is fully charged, the light on the charging kit turns from orange to green. It takes about 90 minutes to recharge a depleted battery. Remove the battery from the charging kit.

5. Reinsert the battery to the Canon's battery compartment. Flip over the security lever to secure the battery and then close the cover.

Tags: battery cover, battery from, battery fully, battery Remove, charging battery, charging compartment

Rechargeable Battery Facts

Rechargeable batteries typically last longer than regular disposable batteries. When they lose their charge, the user simply plugs them into a charger for a period of time, and then they're ready to go again. Users will find that all types and brands of rechargeable batteries are different in their own ways.

Charging Time

The charging time on a rechargeable battery varies depending on the size. Some batteries charge in less than an hour, while others take 7 to 8 hours and possibly even overnight to recharge.

Temperature

The temperature at which the batteries are stored can actually enhance their life. Those stored at 100 degrees Fahrenheit lose up to 25 percent of their alkaline every year. Experts recommend keeping them at room temperature.

Best Performance

Rechargeable batteries work best after going through at least two charges. The batteries usually aren't fully charged when the individual buys them. Working through multiple charges gives the batteries the chance to even out and perform better.

Length

Rechargeable batteries last for at least 500 charges, and some varieties last up to 1,000 charges and more. Energizer guarantees that their rechargeable batteries will go through a minimum of 500 charges.

Rated Capacity

All rechargeable batteries have a rated capacity, which refers to how long it can last in a given situation such as taking digital pictures in a camera. Those with a higher rated capacity last longer.

Tags: last longer, least charges, rated capacity, Rechargeable batteries

Difference Between Analog & Digital Phones

There are several differences between analog and digital phones that enable customers to make a clear decision on which phone will best suit their situation. If they just need a phone for their home office (where the risk of interference is low) then they will most likely choose an analog phone (plus the fact that it is cheaper). But if they need a wireless phone or a phone that can be included in a large network that will serve many people at the same time, digital is the way to go.

Analog

Analog and digital are both types of technology, but have a distinct difference. Analog is defined as the process of taking an audio or video signal and sending (or translating) it into electronic pulses. This type of technology is recognizable to everyone because it has been around for decades and is currently inexpensive to purchase (TV with antennas or telephone with a cord).

Digital

With this technology, the same signal that is translated electronically in analog, is now broken down in a binary format where the audio (or video) data is represented by a numerous count of 1's and 0's. These 1's and 0's are then transferred to the other end of the device (a telephone or TV) where they are reassembled back into their original order. The unique feature about digital is that it knows where the numbers should be when they reach the end of the device (also known as "reaching the end of transmission").

Analog and Digital Phone Lines

Analog phone lines are known as Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS), which is used in fax machines, modems and standard phones. Digital lines are generally used in big, corporate phone systems that provide a network to co-workers. Digital lines carry a lower voltage than analog lines.

Digital and Analog Phone Features

Cordless phones (digital phones) give a clear, distortion-free phone call. Because of digital technology, cordless phones are able to encrypt the 1's and 0's during transmission so that your conversation is protected from eavesdroppers. Analog phones are generally cheaper than digital phones and the sound quality is richer (because the binary code is not being broken down; it's just being translated).

The Big Difference

The big difference between analog and digital phones is that digital is newer, more convenient to use and can be portable, has a better quality of sound, has more security and can be powered by a battery. Plus, the digital phone has more features such as logging on to the Internet, and taking pictures, videos, and saving music to its memory.

Tags: digital phones, analog digital, audio video, between analog, between analog digital

Troubleshoot A Sigma Ef500 Super Flash

Sigma produces a line of external camera flashes.

The Sigma EF-500 Super Flash is an external camera flash manufactured by Sigma and designed to work with film and digital single lens reflex cameras. Third party companies like Sigma and others produce equipment to work with Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) like Canon, Nikon, Pentax, Olympus and others. Often equipment manufactured by third party manufacturers will sell for less than the OEM models and offer the same functionality. If the Sigma flash is not performing correctly, you can perform a few tests to troubleshoot the unit.

Instructions

1. Check the flash unit's focal length setting. The EF-500 Super Flash has been reported to not line up with the same focal length of the lens that is being used. This is not too much of a problem if the flash is wider than the lens, but if the lens is a 28mm and the flash sets at 50mm, it is possible that the flash will not provide equal light coverage of the scene. If you are using a zoom lens, rotate the focal length ring and see if the appropriate setting registers on the flash.

2. Measure the output using a flash meter. Perform a number of tests. Set the flash at its maximum output and discharge the flash by pressing the "Test" button. Write down the exposure the flash meter reads. Discharge the flash as soon as it signals it is ready, and write down the number and compare to the first test.

3. Replace the batteries and clean the hot shoe contacts. With most electronic devices, if the batteries start to lose power the performance is compromised. Replace the batteries with new or freshly charged units before you start to use the flash. Clean the hot shoe contacts using a clean eraser on the end of a pencil. If there is a communication problem between the camera and the flash, having clean contacts may help eliminate the problem.

Tags: focal length, Super Flash, camera flash, EF-500 Super, EF-500 Super Flash, external camera

Canon Compatible Memory Cards

Canon camcorders and cameras use built-in memory units to store information. However, users looking to expand internal memory units can do so using one of three compatible memory cards -- SD, SDHC and Compact Flash. Users looking for compatible memory cards should consult their camera or camcorder's user manual for specific requirements, as each will differ.

Compact Flash

Canon cameras, such as the EOS (SLR) family class, use Compact Flash type I and II memory cards for storage. While both memory card types store and transfer data the same way, Compact Flash II cards are smaller in size than type I cards. Compact Flash cards use "Flash" technology that does not require voltage from the battery to store information. Most Compact Flash cards are capable of transferring data at 133MB/sec with capacities of up to 137GB; however, most Canon products have a set capacity of 4GB of expandable memory.

SD Cards

SD cards use "Marks" to indicate the card's capabilities of copying and recording pictures and videos. Canon cameras and camcorders will require SD cards to have "Marks" of a 1, 2, 4, 6 or 10; however, most HD capable camcorders and cameras will require an SD card with Marks 4, 6 or 10 as these Marks indicate the SD card's capability of recording and storing information in High Definition. SD cards with Marks 2, 4 and 6 have a normal-speed interface while 10 has a high-speed interface ideal for both camcorders and cameras.

SDHC Cards

SDHC cards provide more removable storage power, and according to the SD Association, the product "raises the memory performance bar by guaranteeing minimum performance rates." SDHC cards are slightly larger than SD cards, but like SD cards, SDHC cards are compatible with almost all Canon cameras and camcorders. In addition, SDHC cards carry similar Marks --1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 -- that determine their speed and functionality, with Mark 4, 6 and 10 used for HD recording and storing.

Tags: Compact Flash, camcorders cameras, Canon cameras, Compact Flash cards, Flash cards, SDHC cards, cameras camcorders

Nikon D60 Photo Tips

The Nikon D60 is a 10 megapixel D-SLR that replaces the D40x. It can shoot three frames per second for up to 100 shots consecutively. It has a three-point autofocus system, program shooting modes, image optimization modes, and shoots at shutter speeds as fast as 1/4,000th of a second or as slow as 30 seconds for long exposures. The D60 also has in-camera editing. It uses SD memory cards.

Image Optimization

Use the D60's image modes to optimize it for different types of pictures. The D60 has Normal, Softer, Vivid, More Vivid, Portrait, Custom, and Black and White. Softer is used to soften outlines for better portraits; Vivid increases color saturation and contrast for more impressive greens and blues; More Vivid is an increased Vivid setting that also keeps sharp outlines; Portrait has lower contrast for better skin tones in portrait shots; Custom allows the user to change individual settings for contrast, color and saturation; and Black and White lets the user shoot monochrome photos.

Increase the Image Quality

Change the D60's default setting of Norm to either Fine or RAW to get better quality pictures. Fine has a compression ratio of 1:4, while the default setting of Norm has a compression setting of 1:8, meaning more data is lost. RAW is a completely uncompressed setting, and used by most professional photographers who need to do more post-processing and editing of their images.

Changing Focus

Use the D60's focus modes for finer control of what the camera focuses on. You can select closest subject (blacked-out focus zone), dynamic focus (all three focus points) or single focus point. In dynamic focus mode, the camera will focus on an object that the photographer selects by depressing the shutter button halfway but if the subject moves, it will autofocus based on other information in the focus zones. With single-point and dynamic focus, the photographer can specify which of the three focus points the camera should use by pressing the I button on the bottom left of the camera to select Quick Settings, selecting Auto Focus Area Mode to choose single point or dynamic, and then using the right and left buttons on the main selector wheel (the OK button and arrows around it) to choose the center point, left point or right point.

Tags: dynamic focus, Black White, color saturation, default setting, default setting Norm

Make Prints From Glass Plate Negatives

Glass plate negatives were used in the early days of photography.

Glass plate negatives were invented in 1839 by the British astronomer John Herschel. The collodion wet plate glass negative came into widespread use from 1850 until well into the 1880s. Wet plates were characterized by thick, rough-edged glass unevenly coated with emulsion. The gelatin dry plate glass negative was introduced commercially in the 1860s. Dry plates used thinner glass evenly coated with emulsion. They were mass produced and widely used until the 1920s. Glass plate printing was an involved process that can be simplified by modern methods and materials. Printing pictures from glass negatives reveals a Victorian era world in sharp, fine detail.

Instructions

1. Use traditional dark room printing methods if you have access to a fully outfitted dark room. Make positive-register contact prints using the glass plates as if they were regular film negatives. Lay the plates on variable contrast photographic paper. Use an enlarger or other low-wattage light source to expose them.

2. Examine the prints to pick the ones you want to print in a larger format. Use the contact print as your final photo when working with 5-by-7-inch or 8-by-10-inch plates. Put the plate in a negative carrier and use an enlarger to make your prints. Blow them up to 20-by-24 inches as the emulsion has no grain. Develop the pictures or contact a full-service photographic printing business for the job if you don't have the necessary equipment or skills.

3. Scan the glass negatives for digital printing. Digitize the negative images with a flat-bed scanner, preferably one with a transparency adapter to back light the plates. Put down a clear sheet of acetate to protect the scanner's glass. Lay the plates emulsion-side down on the scanner after cleaning them with a soft brush. Clean the glass side with a mild solution of glass cleaner for a clear scan. Set the scanner to copy at its highest level of resolution and focus.

4. Photograph the glass negatives with a digital camera as another way to get the images onto your computer. Shoot the plates from the emulsion side for clarity. Back light the plates with a light box or have someone hold them up against a back-lit window. Transfer your images from the scanner or camera onto your computer hard drive.

5. Manipulate the pictures in a photo or paint program to prepare them for digital printing. Reverse the negative image and crop it if the edges are rough. Use the program's tools to repair the effects of damaged plates. Clean up your images by removing cracks, stains and other imperfections. Adjust and tweak the images until they look just right. Use archival paper and inks to print the photographs.

Tags: glass negatives, Glass plate, coated with, coated with emulsion, dark room

Make A Fish Shocker

Make a Fish Shocker

A fish shocker was once a relatively popular way to harvest large numbers of fish from streams, rivers, ponds and lakes. Fishermen often used the magnetos from hand-crank telephones to provide the electrical power for the shocker, scooping up all the fish they wanted as the stunned fish floated to the surface. The practice is now illegal in many states except when done by licensed fish biologists, who use the shocker to estimate and evaluate fish populations under carefully controlled conditions. You can still find parts for making a fish shocker, though you must find a legal place to use it.

Instructions

1. Find the positive and negative posts on the rear of the magneto.

2. Cut the #10 stranded wire into two 15-foot lengths. Strip 2 inches of the insulation off one end of the two 15-foot lengths. Attach the stripped end of one wire to the magneto's negative post and the stripped end of the other wire to the magneto's positive post. Strip about 10 inches of insulation off each wire's trailing end.

3. Row the boat to an area where fish are likely to school or hide. Drop one wire over one side of the boat and the other wire over the opposite side of the boat. It's best to have at least two people for successful "electrofishing" (taking fish with a fish shocker).

4. Crank the magneto, being careful not to touch any area near the rear of the magneto, where electricity is generated. A telephone magneto can generate 8 to 110 volts of electricity, depending on the size of the magneto and how fast you crank. Stop cranking as soon as you see fish rising to the water's surface. Have your companion scoop them up with the net.

Tags: 15-foot lengths, fish shocker, inches insulation, Make Fish, Make Fish Shocker, other wire, rear magneto

Change The Date Of A Spy Pen Camera

Spy pen cameras are a marvel of the modern age but they all share a similar problem in that the date and time was preset when they were made. Changing the time stamp that is printed on a picture or video taken by a spy camera requires using computer software. The process is not difficult but it is necessary to follow a number of steps exactly in order to accomplish the task correctly.

Instructions

1. Attach the USB connector to the USB port on the spy camera. Attach the other end of the USB connector to a USB port on a computer.

2. Download the time/stamp software from the website of your spy camera's manufacturer. Click on the icon of the time/stamp software after it has downloaded to unzip it to the computer's hard drive.

3. Double-click on the time/stamp software folder that was created when the software was unzipped. Double-click on the file called "userconfig.txt" to bring it up inside the text editor.

4. Change the line noting the date the spy pen was made to "XXXX-AA-BB CC:CC," in which the "X" denotes the year, "AA" is the month, "BB" is the date and "CC:CC" is the time. Go to the "File" menu and select "Save" to save the file with the changed date and time.

5. Go to "Start," "My Computer," "Devices" and click on the icon of the spy pen. Drag the "userconfig" text from the folder and onto the icon of the spy pen. Wait as the "userconfig.txt" is copied to the spy pen.

Right-click on the icon of the spy pen. Select "eject" and remove the spy pen from the USB connector. Remove the USB connector from the USB port of the computer.

6. Turn on the spy pen and take a picture or video with the changed date and time.

Tags: date time, time stamp, stamp software, time stamp software, changed date

Advantages & Disadvantages Of A Nickel Cadmium Battery

Camcorders often use nickel-cadmium batteries

Nickel Cadmium batteries are among the most popular means of providing energy to portable electronic items. They have a number of advantages over other types of batteries for portable devices. However, Ni-CD batteries also have drawbacks, some of which involve potential serious health hazards.

Longer Battery Life

Ni-CD batteries are rechargeable and achieve full power relatively quickly. This gives them a much longer practical life than alkaline or even lithium non-rechargeable batteries. Ni-CD batteries perform better at low temperatures, which is an important asset for portable items that are often used outdoors during cold weather. Ni-CD batteries also are relatively durable in comparison with other types of batteries. They are less likely to corrode when stored for long periods than other types of batteries.

Higher Initial Cost

Although Ni-CD batteries can be quite economical over the course of their useful life, they are initially quite expensive. The initial cost of Ni-CD batteries is at least twice as much as other batteries. In the United States, part of the price of a Ni-CD battery is the inclusion of the fee to cover proper disposal of the battery at the end of its life. Because of their high price, Ni-CD batteries are impractical for very low-cost merchandise, especially items with a short period of expected usefulness.

Memory Effects

Many rechargeable batteries are subject to a "memory effect" if they are not properly charged and discharged regularly. Memory effect for Ni-CD batteries means that they may eventually lose the ability to attain and maintain a full charge. This means that the electronic item can be used for progressively shorter periods before needing to have a charge replenished. One way of avoiding memory effect is by "cycling" the battery, or allowing it to discharge nearly completely, then slowly recharging the battery again.

Disposal and Health Issues

The European Union created a directive that restricts the use of specified materials, including nickel and cadmium, in the production of electronic equipment. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency has categorized nickel and cadmium as toxic heavy metals subject to regulation by the Universal Treatment Standards. They are not suitable for disposal in landfills.

Tags: Ni-CD batteries, other types, other types batteries, types batteries, batteries also, means that, memory effect

Things You Need For The Infrared Cameras

Infrared cameras convert light in the electromagnetic spectrum.

Not all light is visible to the human eye. In fact, most bands of light on the electromagnetic spectrum are invisible: we can only glimpse a tiny fraction of the light energy in our universe. Infrared cameras help enhance human vision by picking up infrared energy and converting it into a visible form. They have both practical and artistic benefits. Aesthetically, infrared cameras can produce interesting, fanciful images because they use a different part of the spectrum than visible light. They also permit thermal imaging, which is widely used among police and search and rescue teams looking for criminals or lost persons.

Shell

The shell is the body of the camera, the encasement that holds its various components. The shell must be sturdy enough to withstand the weight of the infrared circuitry and environmental conditions, if the camera is to be used outdoors. Typically, infrared camera shells are made of a metal composite or very hard plastic.

Hot Filter

The "hot filter" is the main component of an infrared camera, the part that gives it its ability to "see" infrared radiation. This is also what enables the heat-seeking quality of infrared cameras, which represent heat from an object (human or otherwise) as visible colors. Hot filters, as their name implies, filter out non-IR energy to allow the camera to pick up only infrared.

Lens

The lens is the "eye" of the camera, the part that takes in infrared light. Within the lens is the aperture, which controls how much light the camera picks up. The incoming light is reflected onto a mirror and then converted into the viewable image.

Circuitry

Infrared cameras require a complex network of circuitry to power their electronics. They require a zoom mechanism for zooming into an image. Zoom mechanisms may be manual (requiring human adjustment) or automatic. Infrared cameras use both film and digital capture, depending on the particular camera. If you have an older model, you may need special infrared film. Newer digital infrared cameras simply store the data on the camera's hard drive or removable memory chip.

Tags: Infrared cameras, camera part, camera part that, electromagnetic spectrum, infrared camera, infrared cameras, light electromagnetic

Use Closed Captioning

Closed captioning is an important tool for deaf and hard-of-hearing television viewers. It displays the dialogue of the program in text format on screen so viewers can read along. Since 2002, the Federal Communications Commission has required that digital television receivers include "CC" display capabilities. It has been a standard component in analog televisions since 1993. Using closed captioning will vary by television, but is usually a simple process.

Instructions

1. Determine if closed captioning is available on the program that you've selected. In your program guide, the letters "CC" should appear at the end of the description.

2. Locate the closed captioning option on your remote. Some remotes have a "CC" button that you simply need to push to activate closed captioning.

3. Locate the closed captioning option in your television's menu if there is no "CC" button on your remote. To do this, push the "menu" button on the remote control. The closed captioning option will probably be in the same section as the language function.

4. Set the closed captioning option to "on." Within several seconds, you should see the text appear on your screen.

5. To use closed captioning for DVDs, look for the "CC" label on the lower back section of the DVD case where it lists audio information. Turn on your TV's closed captioning and you should see the captioning like you do on a television program. Alternately, some DVDs include English subtitles that you can turn on in the setup/language menu of the DVD.

Tags: closed captioning, captioning option, closed captioning option, captioning option your, closed captioning

Troubleshoot A Nikon D40

Introduced in 2006, the Nikon D40 camera presented a less expensive digital SLR option for amateur photographers. It followed on the success of the Nikon D50, and presented a stripped down and more lightweight version of the D50's features. The D40 was discontinued in 2008, and now the only way to purchase one is second hand. If your D40 begins having problems, you can take a few simple steps to try and resolve the issue before turning to a licensed Nikon repair facility.

Instructions

1. Open the battery compartment door and remove the battery. Replace the D40's battery with a battery that has a full charge. A low battery can cause camera errors such as poor shutter response, incorrect exposure, digital noise and low flash response. The D40 functions best on a fully charged battery.

2. Check the memory card to see if room is left. A camera with a full card will stop responding. Remove the memory card and make sure the write protection switch is in the correct place for your brand of card. Format the memory card, deleting all images, and then replace it in the camera. If you are using a small card, try changing to a smaller image format, such as JPEG Basic, to conserve room on the card.

3. Verify that the lens is attached correctly by removing and re-seating the lens in the lens mount. If it is an older lens, make sure the aperture ring is set to the smallest aperture setting, since any other setting will produce an error message. Older lenses may have reduced functions, such as metering, when being used on a new camera body like the D40.

4. Make sure the lens and internal mirror are clean and free of dust. Dust can cause spots and lines to appear on the final image.

5. Contact an authorized Nikon service center if the troubleshooting steps do not fix the problem. Any further issues should be seen by a professional, since attempting to fix them without training can damage the camera.

Tags: memory card, make sure

Change A Slr Camera Lens

change a SLR camera lens

Interchanging lenses on your camera is a crucial step in the field of photography. Owning and using a multitude of lenses offers perspective or an advantage in a shot. For instance, when trying to photograph subjects from a far distance will require a lens with a strong zoom.

Instructions

1. Holding your camera in your left hand, press the lens release button located directly next to the lens.

2. Next, with your left hand firmly grip the base of the lens (where the lens meets the camera body), and twist. Some cameras will have you twist clockwise, others will be counterclockwise.

3. After a slight turn of the lens you should feel it click free.

4. Remove the lens from your camera and place a lens cap on the front and a screw on cap for the base end.

5. Lastly, take the new lens you want to use and place the base firmly into the camera's lens socket. Holding the base of the lens, turn the opposite direction you used to dismantle the previous lens until you feel it firmly click into place.

6. At this stage the lens should not have any movement or wiggle. Congratulations you're ready to shoot.

Tags: your camera, base lens, camera lens, left hand, lens should, your left, your left hand

Difference Between Lg 7 And Lg 8 Dvd Players

South Korean consumer electronics manufacturer LG Electronics has produced several 7- and 8-inch portable DVD players over the years. Often they are released simultaneously and nicknamed the LG 7 and LG 8, respectively. The 7-inch LG DP771 and 8-inch LG DP781, were introduced in 2007. Although their screen sizes are different, there's little other difference between them.

Size and Weight

The LG DP771 has a 7-inch color screen with thin-film transistor active matrix and liquid crystal display technologies. The screen of the LG DP781 is 8 inches. The LG DP771 is 7.7 inches wide, 6.8 inches deep, and 1.5 inches high, with a weight of 1.6 lbs. The LG DP781 is 8.5 inches wide, 1.3 inches thick, and 7.1 inches high, with a weight of 1.8 lbs.

Media

The LG 7 and LG 8 portable DVD players can play the following optical disc formats: CD, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD+R, DVD+RW, DVD+R DL, DVD-R, DVD-RW and DVD-R DL. Thus, not only do they play DVDs of various kinds -- including double-layer ones (those designated as "DL") -- but they support audio-based optical discs as well. Also, the DP771 and DP781 adhere to the National Television System Committee and Phase Alternating Line analog color television systems, and they enable a 16-to-9 image aspect ratio.

Audio Capabilities/Miscellaneous Features

The stereo audio system of the LG DP771 and DP781 has a dynamic range and signal-to-noise ratio of 85 decibels, and it uses Dolby Digital and DTS for its digital audio format output. The portable DVD players also support the Windows Media Audio and MP3 formats. Other features include photo playback; progressive scanning; and 1x, 4x, and 16x picture zoom modes.

Connectors and Power

Each LG DP771 and DP781 has a four-pin USB port, headphone jack, digital coaxial audio output, and a set of RCA connectors for composite video and stereo audio. Also included is a DC power input for plugging in an adapter. The adapter powers the player and charges the battery, with the LG 7 getting up to four hours of operation and the LG 8 offering five hours.

Tags: DP771 DP781, portable players, DP781 inches, high with, high with weight, inches high

Information Digital Camera Sd Cards

Digital camera SD card slot

As of 2010, many digital cameras use SD cards instead of film. Using SD cards is a compact and convenient way of storing and sharing your digital photos. You can even purchase SD cards with larger storage space to save more pictures, and the best thing about them is that you can reuse them over and over.

Benefits

Secure digital cards, or SD cards, serve as a replacement for film in digital cameras. SD cards eliminate many of the problems that film causes in cameras such as exposure, double exposure, missing pictures and poor quality pictures. You can fit more pictures on an SD card than you can on film. SD cards are also reusable, unlike film.

Types

There are three types of SD cards: standard, mini and micro. Which SD card a digital camera holds depends on the size of the digital camera. Digital cameras built into cell phones or smart phones normally utilize miniSD or microSD cards. SD card-enabled digital cameras and digital camcorders usually use standard SD cards. These cards have larger storage space since the camera itself can hold more memory.

Capacity

Standard SD cards hold up to 2 gigabytes of memory. MiniSD and microSD cards can also hold up to 2GB of memory. Developers have made higher capacity versions of these three SD cards: SDHC, which holds up to 32GB; MiniSDHC, which ranges from 4- to 32GB in capacity; and MicroSDHC, which also holds from 4- to 32GB.

Installation

Most times, an SD card is already in a newly purchased digital camera. If it is not, you will have to insert it before being able to use the device. All you have to do is first locate the SD card slot on the digital camera (consult your user's manual). The SD card slot is normally a thin slot located in the same vicinity as the battery. If there is a flap over the slot, open the flap. Insert the SD card in the direction stated on the front of the SD card. You will hear a click when the SD card is in place. At this point, you only need to turn on your camera and begin taking pictures to use the SD card.

Usage

Remove the SD card from your digital camera by opening the flap and pushing the SD card in. You will hear click, and the SD card should push out of the slot. Insert this card into an SD card reader. If you are having your photos developed at a kiosk, make sure you put the SD card in the correct slot. These kiosks normally have several different size slots to accommodate different SD cards. Follow the onscreen prompts to have your photos developed.

If you are putting these photos directly on your PC, place the SD card into the SD card slot on your computer. If you have a microSD or miniSD, you will have to put these SD cards into an adapter. The adapter looks like a standard SD card. Just insert the microSD or miniSD card in, contact side down, and then insert the adapter into the SD card slot. To access these pictures, open the "My Computer" folder from your PC and double-click the SD emblem.

Tags: card slot, digital camera, into card, cameras cards, card into

How Do Amps & Subs Work

Amplifiers may fall victim to pesky feedback if they cannot match up sounds.

"Amps" and "subs," also known as amplifiers and subwoofers, respectively, are audio equipment designed to enhance your listening experience. They are very similar, but serve slightly different purposes, with amps intended to make sounds louder, and subs dedicated to amplifying bass.

Amplifiers

The three main types of audio amplifiers magnify sounds in different ways. The voltage amplifier increases the voltage of the signal that is given to the amp. A "volt" is a measurement of electrical pressure. By contrast, a current amplifier increases the current (ampere), or flow of electrons, of the original signal. A power amp does both at once. After amplifying the original audio signal, the device must compare the softer and louder sounds and reconcile any differences. If it fails to match the new, loud sound to the old, soft sound, feedback will result.

Amplifying Devices

Amplifiers are built with three main devices: a vacuum tube, bipolar junction transistor and field effect transistor. The BJT diffuses electrons while the FET controls conductivity.

Subwoofers

Subwoofers are essentially amplifiers dedicated to bass, or very low frequency, sounds. Powered subwoofers have their own pre-amp and amplifiers. The pre-amp makes sure higher frequencies are filtered so they do not interfere with bass sounds. The regular amplifier is the power source for the woofer.

Tags: amplifier increases, three main

Use A Phone Line As A Fax Line

Nowadays, you can receive just about anything on the computer using the Internet. You can even send and receive a fax online. But there are still some cases where a physical fax machine will be helpful. For example, you may have a contract or form that needs to be signed with a handwritten signature and faxed over to the other party. Without a fax machine hooked up to a phone line you would have to print the forms, scan the signed paperwork into your computer, format each sheet and then fax everything using your online service, which takes a good amount of time. So a good old-fashioned fax machine is still useful in the modern day home office.

Instructions

1. Add a distinctive ring number to your phone service. This is a new line (in addition to your regular phone line) that will now be your fax number. This is the number you should give out to other people who want to fax you. You will know a fax is coming in because of the strange ring (usually two quick rings rather than one long one).

2. Fix the answer settings on your fax machine to accept all faxes when a call comes through your special phone line. Many modern fax machines have a DRPD setting (distinctive ring pattern) that allows you to train the fax machine to recognize the special ring with a test fax. Also set your fax machine to print a confirmation page after each successful or unsuccessful fax transmission.

3. Connect one short phone cord into your phone outlet (line in) and then insert the other side into your phone splitter device. You may also be able to simply insert the splitter directly into the phone outlet in your wall. Insert the two longer phone cords into the other side of the splitter. Connect one cord into your phone and the other into the back of your fax machine.

4. Test your phone line to make sure you get a dial tone. Then test your fax machine by inserting a page and faxing something to a friend. Dial in the phone number (remember to type "1" before the number) and press the start button. Listen in closely to make sure you hear a dial tone and numbers being dialed by the machine. Wait for your confirmation page (see step one) showing your fax as "sent." Ask your friend to send you a fax to make sure it works on both ends.

Tags: your phone, into your, your machine, into your phone, make sure, confirmation page

Use A Moultrie Wildlife Camera

Wildlife cameras, more commonly known as game cameras, are a type of digital camera housed in a weatherproof exterior that can be mounted outdoors. A game camera uses a motion or infrared sensor to take photographs of the animals that pass by it. Such cameras are often used by hunters to check the game in a potential hunting ground or by hobbyists who are simply interested in capturing photographs of the animals in their natural habitat. Although Moultrie manufactures a variety of game cameras, the basic functions remain the same in many of the models.

Instructions

1. Insert six D batteries into the camera. Remove the two screws that hold the battery door closed on the side of the camera, install the batteries as indicated and close the door, replacing the screws to hold it in place.

2. Thread the provided strap through the strap loop on the back of the camera and attach it securely to a tree or pole at least three feet from the ground.

3. Aim the camera by turning the power switch to the "Aim" position. This will turn on the laser-aiming system. Adjust the aim with the "Up/Down Angle Adjustment Knob" on the back.

4. Slide the power switch to the "On" position and set the date and time using the "Select," "Up" and "Down" buttons. The camera is now ready to take pictures when motion is detected with the default settings. With the default settings, the camera takes still pictures one minute apart with a 640x480 resolution.

5. Highlight the setting you want to change and press "Select." Press "Up" or "Down" to scroll through all of the available options for that setting and press "Select" again to make the change. You can change the resolution, image delay, image quality and camera mode (from still picture to video) along with several other settings.

6. Check the images captured by the camera by removing the memory card and inserting it into a card reader in your computer. Click on "My Computer" and the appropriate drive letter to open the folder containing the images taken by your camera. You can also view images on your television or computer by connecting it with the included TV adapter cable or the USB cable and powering on the camera in setup mode.

Tags: default settings, game cameras, photographs animals, power switch, power switch position

A Subwoofer To A Boom Box

Adding a subwoofer to a boombox adds low bass reinforcement.

Boomboxes, due to their portability factor, use small speakers by necessity. Many boomboxes have detachable speakers, pulling double duty as small home stereos. As a result, adding a subwoofer to augment the little speakers built into the boombox is possible and relatively easy.

Instructions

1. Determine the distance from the back of the boombox to the subwoofer's intended location.

2. Cut two lengths of speaker wire to span the distance between the boombox and the subwoofer.

3. Strip 1/2 inch of insulation from both ends of both lengths of speaker wire.

4. Push down on the speaker wire tabs on the back of the boombox to free the wires.

5. Route the boombox's speaker wires to the back of the subwoofer. Locate the "Speaker Out" binding posts on the rear of the woofer.

6. Rotate the binding post caps on the subwoofer to reveal the holes on the posts. Insert the boombox's speaker wires, matching the red and black color coding on the wires to the binding posts. Screw the post caps back down.

7. Slide the cut pieces of speaker wire into the "Speaker In" binding post terminals on the subwoofer. Use the side of the wire that has writing or molding for the positive connection.

8. Route the speaker wires to the "Speaker Out" terminals on the boombox. Push down on the tabs, insert the wires, and release the tabs to secure the wires.

9. Plug the subwoofer into an AC outlet. Turn on the booxbox and subwoofer.

Tags: speaker wire, speaker wires, back boombox, binding post, binding posts, boombox speaker, boombox speaker wires

Build An Autonomous Robot

Autonomous robots can do things without being controlled by humans. They have sensors for detecting various environmental factors such as temperature, sound and light. Building an autonomous robot can take some time to do, especially if you have never built one before. It can be fun and educational at the same time. You can build a robot from a kit that can be bought, or from scratch. If building an autonomous robot from scratch, you will have to know the right parts to get and buy them separately. The effort in designing it, getting all the parts, and seeing how they all fit together is worth it when you have a working autonomous robot to use when you need it.

Instructions

Build an Autonomous Robot

1. Decide what it is that you want the robot to do. Is it going to be mobile or will it be able to do its tasks from one place? Depending on its functions, you will need to determine what kind of sensors it will need. The more complex the tasks it will do, the more powerful the processor will have to be.

2. Draw out what it will look like, if you are designing the robot yourself. There are also computer programs that let you design parts in 3D to see how they will fit. If the robot comes in a kit, then all you have to do is follow the instructions.

3. Get all the parts needed to build the robot. Just like a computer, autonomous robots need a central processor. They also need motors. For these robots, sensors that detect things such as internal temperature and battery power are often used. Sensors for detection of the external environment are crucial for an autonomous robot to work.

4. Assemble the base, or frame, of the robot where the internal parts will be attached.

5. Insert the motors, processor, sensors, circuits, and batteries and/or power components.

6. Assemble the outer shell, if your autonomous robot has one. This protects the inside parts from damage if the robot hits something. It also stops dust and moisture from getting inside. It can be made from metal, plastic or other materials.

7. Program the robot if it is not pre-programmed. Some circuit boards have parts that let them be connected to computers or instruments by cable. Unless you have software that simplifies it, programming an autonomous robot requires some mathematical skill.

8. Test the robot to make sure it does the tasks you have programmed it to do properly. If not, errors in the programming may have to be corrected. If this doesn’t fix the problem, then check if all the parts are connected properly and if there are other mechanical problems.

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Camera Lens Definition

A camera lens is a curved piece of transparent glass that focuses an image in a camera. A camera lens is not a single lens, but a combination of lenses to bend the light entering the camera in such a way that it can be captured on film. Depending on the shape and size of the lens, many different photographic effects can be achieved. In addition, combining multiple lenses and changing the distance between those lenses, can create even more photographic effects. There are many different types of camera lenses for different photographic purposes.

History:

The first camera lens was used to create an image as a drawing and then transfer the heliograph to chemically coated plates by Joseph Nicephore Niepce in 1927. Since then, photography has gone from a simple lens that transferred light to paper to film and now digital media. Camera lenses have allowed us, and future generations, to see the past in pictures. From the original black and white photographs to current digital video, none of this would be possible without the technology of bending glass to refract light onto film or digital capture.

Function

A camera lens uses refraction to focus light on to the area where the film is located inside the camera. Refraction is caused by a change in the direction of light as it passes through the curved glass. This allows the light to focus on the shutter, and when the shutter is opened, the light hits the film creating the negative image used to create pictures. Digital cameras work much the same, with the image being captured digitally, rather than on film.

Types

A lens may be a part of the camera, or the lens may be an accessory to the camera. There are many different types of camera lenses. One of the most well-known is the fish-eye lens which can make images appear like a bubble. Other notable lenses include lenses for aerial photography, zoom lenses, infrared, ultraviolet and tinted. A camera lens can range in price from under $100 to thousands of dollars for specialized applications.

Considerations

A camera lens can be broken easily. Be sure to keep it in shock-resistant packaging while traveling. To avoid scratching an expensive lens, clean with a product made for cleaning lenses and a microfiber cloth, and remove any dust with an anti-dust brush. Camera lenses should be stored in a dry area to prevent moisture from creating a fog between the lenses.

Potential

New technology continues to improve on the basic concept of a camera lens. Lenses that swivel, automatically focus and are more rugged and durable are regularly introduced to the market. Photography has gone from simply images documenting events, to a fine art form all its own.

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Troubleshoot A Fisher Home Stereo

Fisher makes a line of home stereos that are noted for their sleek, compact designs. Most of the company's models are designed for compact spaces or office use. Some can be connected to other audio-video equipment for home theater applications, and others are stand-alone stereos. Whichever model you own, if something ever goes wrong you want to get back to your music as quickly as possible and spare a trip to the repair shop.

Instructions

1. Check your connections. Make sure the power cord is plugged firmly into a surge protector connected to a wall outlet. Also make sure the speakers on your Fisher system are connected to the main CD/amplifier component (for shelf models) or the stand-alone receiver (for larger systems). The wires can sometimes become loose or disconnected on Fisher desktop stereos with detachable speakers.

2. Replace the button battery in your Fisher remote control, if necessary. Most Fisher models come with a remote control that uses a flat, round watch battery. Take the old battery with you to an electronics store to buy a matching replacement.

3. Fix broken or loose speaker wires by stripping 1/2 inch of insulation from the end of the wire and reattaching it to the back of the Fisher speakers by raising each spring-loaded clip to expose a hole for the wire. Insert red wires to red (right) channels and black wires to the black (left) channels.

4. Make sure the selection knob or remote control is set to the audio feature you wish to play. For example, if the CD player is not producing sound, the Fisher may be set for FM radio reception. Turn the selection knob on the front of the receiver or press the CD button on the remote control.

5. Check the component jacks on the back of the Fisher stereo if you have additional equipment connected to your system. A loose video cable will disable the DVD player, for instance. All plugs should be pushed firmly into their corresponding jacks.

6. Close front-loading vertical CD loaders on some Fisher stereos. The CD player will not operate if the front door is ajar.

7. Clean the CD player using a product, such as Memorex, to remove dust and contaminant from the player's laser lens.

8. Unplug headphones from the Fisher headphone jack if the speakers will not produce sound. Fisher stereo speakers are designed to shut off automatically when a headphone set is plugged in.

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